Soul Mountain (chinese)
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"Soul Mountain is one of those singular literary creations that seem impossible to compare with anything but themselves… In the writing of Gao Xingjian literature is born anew from the struggle of the individual to survive the history of the masses."
– from the citation of the Nobel Prize committee of the Swedish Academy
When this year's Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to Chinese expatriate novelist and playwright Gao Xingjian, few in the English-speaking West were familiar with his work. Gao's masterpiece, SOUL MOUNTAIN (PerfectBound, an e-book from HarperCollins; February 20, 2001; $19.95), is a dazzling kaleidoscope of fiction, philosophy, history and fable. Elegantly translated by Australian sinologist Mabel Lee, this richly textured autobiographical novel recounts a dual journey-a literal journey into the heart of China and a spiritual journey of the self.
When Gao was 43, he was incorrectly diagnosed with lung cancer. Resigned to death by the same means that had claimed his father just a few years before, Gao spent six weeks indulging his appetites and reading philosophy. The spot on Gao's lung mysteriously disappeared, but a new threat arose when rumors began to circulate that he was to be sent to a prison farm because of his controversial writings. No longer facing imminent death, the writer quickly left Beijing and disappeared into the remote forest regions of Sichuan, then spent five months wandering along the Yangtze River from its source down to the coast. Gao's 15,000 kilometer sojourn forms the geographic parameters of the fictional journey in SOUL MOUNTAIN.
While on a train at the start of his trip, the writer protagonist meets another traveler who says he is going to Lingshan, "soul mountain," which can be found by the remote source of the You River. The writer has never heard of such a place, and he resolves to go there, but his fellow traveler can give him none but the vaguest directions. Thus begins a metaphoric odyssey into the hinterlands of China and the outlying Qiang, Miao and Yi districts that dangle on the fringes of Han Chinese civilization.
The writer is in search of the traditions that are hidden in rural China, and as he travels he encounters a parade of unforgettable characters who embody both vestiges of the past-Daoist masters, Buddhist monks, ancient calligraphers-and the modern culture that has surfaced since the revolution: small town communist cadres, budding entrepreneurs, independent young girls grappling with parochial repression. The two worlds exist uneasily as one, with stories and customs from centuries past colliding with a world of televisions, automobiles, and technology. All is permeated by the dark legacy of the Cultural Revolution, the encroachment of ecological damage, and the harsh monetary realities of everyday life in contemporary China.
SOUL MOUNTAIN is a dazzling work of the imagination, where classic fables merge with tales of modern cruelty and ancient philosophy does battle with existentialism. But Gao goes deeper still as he explores notions of the devastation of the self at the hands of social expectations. He continually shifts his narrative voice as the "I" of the writer becomes the "you" of an imagined companion, then the "she" of a woman companion. Yet all reflects back on the protagonist, who craves these two seemingly contradictory ends-the solitude necessary for nurturing the self and the anxiety-provoking warmth of human society.
Gao began this novel in the mid-eighties, then carried the manuscript with him when he fled China in 1987. Now living in Paris, he completed the book there in 1989. His writings continue to be banned in his native country. As Gao's work at last gains the public's attention here in the West, SOUL MOUNTAIN provides a dazzling introduction to the achievement of one of contemporary literature's acknowledged masters.
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九
你有心事?你说,逗着她玩。
你怎么看得出来?
这明摆着,一个女孩子独自跑到这种地方来。
你不也一个人?
这是我的嗜好,我喜一个人游荡,可以沉思冥想。可像你这样一个年轻姑娘-
得了吧,不只是你们男人才有思想。
我并没有说你没有思想。
恰恰是有的男人并没有思想!
看来你遇到了困难。
思想人人都有,并不非要有困难。
我没有同你争吵。
我也没有这意思。
我希望能对你有些帮助。
等我需要的时候。
你现在没有这种需要?
谢谢,没有。我只需要一个人,谁也别来打扰我。
这就是说你遇到了烦恼。
随你怎么说。
你患了忧郁症。你说得也太严重了。
那你承认你有烦恼。
烦恼人人都有。
可你在自寻烦恼。
为什么?
这不需要很多学问。
你这人真油。
如果还不至于讨厌的话。
并不等于喜欢。
可也不拒绝,一起沿河岸走走?你需要证明你还有吸引姑娘的能力。她居然随同你,沿着堤岸,向上游走去。你需要找寻快乐,她需要找寻痛苦。
她说她不敢朝下望,你说你就知道她害怕。
害怕什么?
害怕水。
她哈哈笑了起来,你听出那笑声有些勉强。
你就不敢跳下去,你说着便故意贴着堤岸走,陡直的堤岸下,河水滚滚。
我如果就跳下去呢?她说。
我跟着就跳下去救你。你知道这样能博得她的欢心。
她说她有点晕眩,又说那是很容易跳下去的,只要闭上眼睛,这种死法痛苦最少,又令人迷醉。你说这河里就跳下过一位同她一样从城市里来的姑娘,比她年纪还小,也比她还要单纯,你不是说她就怎么复杂,你是说今天的人较之昨天也聪明不了许多,而昨天就在你我面前。你说那是个没有月亮的夜晚,河水更显得幽深。这撑渡船的驼背王头的老婆后来说,她当时还推了一下王头,说她听见锁缆绳的铁链在响。她说她当时要起来看一看就好了,她后来就听见了呜咽声,以为是风。那哭声想必也很响,夜深人静,狗也不曾叫唤,才想不会是有人偷船,就又睡去了。迷糊之中,那呜咽声还持续了好一阵子,她睡了一觉醒来也还听见,撑船的驼背王头的老婆说,当时要有个人在就好了,这姑娘也不会寻短见,都怪这老鬼睡得太死。平常也是,真要夜里有急事渡河的,会敲窗户大声叫喊。她不明白的只是这姑娘寻短见为什么又搬弄铁链子,莫非想弄船好去县里,从县城再回到城市里她父母身边?她完全可以乘中午县里来的班车,没准是怕人发现?谁也说不清她死前想的什么。总归一个好端端的女学生,从城市莫名其妙弄到这一不沾亲二不带故的乡里来种田,叫个书记给糟蹋了,真是罪孽啊。天亮以后,在离这里三十军的下沙铺,才被放水排的捞了起来。上身赤条条的,衣服也不知在河湾被那根树权子挂住了。可她一双球鞋却端端正正留在那块石头上,那块石头将刻上"禹渡"的字样,再用油漆描红,旅游的都将爬到那石头上拍照,留念的又只是这后来的题字,渡口上屈死的冤魂将统统被忘掉。听着吗?你问。
说下去,她轻声答道。
早先,那地方总是死人,你说死的不是孩子,就是女人。小孩子夏天在石头上扎猛子,扎下去不见浮起的叫做找死,被前世的父母收了回去。屈死的总归是女人。有城里被赶下来无依无靠的女学生,有受婆婆和丈夫虐待的年轻媳妇,也有的是倩女殉情。所以,这禹渡在镇上的 吴 老师考证之前,乡里人又叫做怨鬼崖,小孩子去那里玩水,大人总不放心。也还有人讲,子夜时分,总看见穿白衣服的女鬼在那里出现,唱着一支总也听不清唱词的歌谣,有点像乡里的儿歌,又像是要饭花子的花鼓调。这当然都是迷信,人往往自己被自己讲的吓着了。可这地方,确有一种水鸟,当地人叫做青头,读书人说是青鸟,能从唐诗中得到引证。这青头拖着长长的头发,自然也是乡里人的说法。这鸟儿你当然见过,个儿不大,锭蓝的身子,头顶有两根碧蓝的翎毛,长相精神,灵巧至极,非常耐看。她总歇在堤岸下的阴凉里,或是在水边长着茂密的竹林子边上,左顾右盼,从容自在。你尽可以盯住她欣赏不已,可只要一挪动脚步,即刻就飞了。《山海经》里讲的给西王母啄食的青鸟是一种神鸟,同这乡里的青头不是一回事,可也都充满灵气。你对她说这青鸟就像是女人,愚蠢的女人自然也有,这里讲的是女人中的精灵,女人中的情种。女子钟情又难得有好下场,同为男人要女人是寻快活,丈夫要妻子是持家做饭,老人要儿媳为传宗接代,都不为的爱情。这你就讲到了么妹,她专心听着。你说么妹就屈死在这河里,人都这么说,她也跟着点头,就这么傻听着,傻得让你觉得可爱。你说这么妹也许给了人家,可婆家来领人的时候,她就不见了,跟了她的情哥哥,乡里的一个小伙子。
他也玩龙灯吗?她问。
镇上玩龙灯武斗的那伙是下面谷来村的,这小伙子家在上水旺年,相隔有五十里地,也差了好几个辈分,可当年都是上好的后生。说的是这么妹的情哥,没钱没势,家中只两亩旱地九分水田。这地方只要人手脚勤快,倒是饿不着。当然也还要没有天灾,没有兵祸,要都赶上了,一村子死他十之八九,也不是不曾有过。还是说这么妹子,这么妹子的情哥,要娶上么妹这样标致灵巧的姑娘,那点家当就不够了。么妹有么妹这样的姑娘的卖价,一付银手锅子的定钱,一挑子八个糕点盒子的聘礼,两担描金的衣柜衣箱的嫁妆,都出在买上头上。买姑娘的这主就住在水卷,现今的照相馆后面,那老房如今也早换了主人,说的是当年的老板,正房里一味只生丫头,这财东心想儿子才决定纳妾。又碰上么妹她娘这样精明的寡妇,替女儿倒也算来算去,与其跟个穷汉种一辈子田,不如上富人家去当个姨娘。经中人往来说合,花轿算是不抬了,里外的衣裳都-一做得,说好了接人的日子,姑娘夜里却偷偷跑了。她只挎了个包袱,裹了几件衣服,半夜里敲她情哥哥的窗户,把这后生招了出来,那干柴烈火,当下便委身于他。又抹着眼泪,发下山盟海警,说好投奔山里,烧山开荒为生。双双来到河边渡口,望着滚滚的河水,这后生竟踌躇了,说是回家去拿把斧子,抄几样做活的家伙,不料被娘老子发觉。做老子的拿起柴禾就打,打这不孝之子,做娘的又心疼得不行,可也不能放儿子离乡背井。做老子的打来做娘的哭,哭哭闹闹天跟着就亮了。早起摆渡的还说看见过一个拎包袱的女子,后来就起了大雾。天越见亮,晨雾越浓,从河面上腾腾升起,连太阳都成了一团暗红的炭火。摆渡的加倍小心,碰上行船还算事小,叫放排的撞上可就遭殃。岸上聚集许多赶集的人,这墟场迄今少说也有三千年,三千年来赶墟场的总有人听见,雾里传来一声喊叫,刚出声又噎了回去,水声扑腾了一下,耳尖的说还不止一下哩,人又都在讲话,就什么声音也听不清了。这真是个繁忙的渡口,要不大禹也不会从这里过渡,满满的一船柴、炭、谷子、山芋、香菇、黄花、木耳、茶叶、鸡蛋和人和猪,竹篙打得弯弯的,吃水到了船沿,白蒙蒙的河面上怨鬼崖那块岩石也只是灰灰的一道影子。贫嘴的妇人会说,那天早起就听见老鸦在叫,听见老鸦叫总是不祥的征兆,那黑老鸦叫着在天上盘旋,准闻到了死人的气味,人要死未死之前先发出死亡的气息,这如同晦气,你看不见,闻不到,全凭感觉。
我带着晦气?她问。
你不过自己同自己过不去,你有种自残的倾向。你故意逗她。才不是呢,生活就充满痛苦!你也就听见她叫唤。