Soul Mountain (chinese)
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"Soul Mountain is one of those singular literary creations that seem impossible to compare with anything but themselves… In the writing of Gao Xingjian literature is born anew from the struggle of the individual to survive the history of the masses."
– from the citation of the Nobel Prize committee of the Swedish Academy
When this year's Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to Chinese expatriate novelist and playwright Gao Xingjian, few in the English-speaking West were familiar with his work. Gao's masterpiece, SOUL MOUNTAIN (PerfectBound, an e-book from HarperCollins; February 20, 2001; $19.95), is a dazzling kaleidoscope of fiction, philosophy, history and fable. Elegantly translated by Australian sinologist Mabel Lee, this richly textured autobiographical novel recounts a dual journey-a literal journey into the heart of China and a spiritual journey of the self.
When Gao was 43, he was incorrectly diagnosed with lung cancer. Resigned to death by the same means that had claimed his father just a few years before, Gao spent six weeks indulging his appetites and reading philosophy. The spot on Gao's lung mysteriously disappeared, but a new threat arose when rumors began to circulate that he was to be sent to a prison farm because of his controversial writings. No longer facing imminent death, the writer quickly left Beijing and disappeared into the remote forest regions of Sichuan, then spent five months wandering along the Yangtze River from its source down to the coast. Gao's 15,000 kilometer sojourn forms the geographic parameters of the fictional journey in SOUL MOUNTAIN.
While on a train at the start of his trip, the writer protagonist meets another traveler who says he is going to Lingshan, "soul mountain," which can be found by the remote source of the You River. The writer has never heard of such a place, and he resolves to go there, but his fellow traveler can give him none but the vaguest directions. Thus begins a metaphoric odyssey into the hinterlands of China and the outlying Qiang, Miao and Yi districts that dangle on the fringes of Han Chinese civilization.
The writer is in search of the traditions that are hidden in rural China, and as he travels he encounters a parade of unforgettable characters who embody both vestiges of the past-Daoist masters, Buddhist monks, ancient calligraphers-and the modern culture that has surfaced since the revolution: small town communist cadres, budding entrepreneurs, independent young girls grappling with parochial repression. The two worlds exist uneasily as one, with stories and customs from centuries past colliding with a world of televisions, automobiles, and technology. All is permeated by the dark legacy of the Cultural Revolution, the encroachment of ecological damage, and the harsh monetary realities of everyday life in contemporary China.
SOUL MOUNTAIN is a dazzling work of the imagination, where classic fables merge with tales of modern cruelty and ancient philosophy does battle with existentialism. But Gao goes deeper still as he explores notions of the devastation of the self at the hands of social expectations. He continually shifts his narrative voice as the "I" of the writer becomes the "you" of an imagined companion, then the "she" of a woman companion. Yet all reflects back on the protagonist, who craves these two seemingly contradictory ends-the solitude necessary for nurturing the self and the anxiety-provoking warmth of human society.
Gao began this novel in the mid-eighties, then carried the manuscript with him when he fled China in 1987. Now living in Paris, he completed the book there in 1989. His writings continue to be banned in his native country. As Gao's work at last gains the public's attention here in the West, SOUL MOUNTAIN provides a dazzling introduction to the achievement of one of contemporary literature's acknowledged masters.
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十二
我作这次长途旅行之前,被医生判定为肺癌的那些日子里,每天唯一可做的事情便是到城郊的公园里去走一趟。大家都说这污染了的城市只有公园里空气好些,城郊的公园里空气自然更好。城墙边的小山丘本来是火葬场和坟山,改成公园不过是近几年的事。也因为新建的居民区已经扩展到本来荒凉的坟山脚下,再不圈起来,活人就会把房子盖到山头上去夺死人的地盘。
如今只山头上还留着一片荒草,堆着些原先用来做墓碑未曾用完的石板。附近的老人每天早晨来这里打打太极拳,会会鸟儿。到九点多钟,太阳直射山头,他们又都拎着鸟笼子回家去了。我尽可以一个人安安静静,从口袋里掏出一本《周易》。看着看着,在秋日暖和的阳光下,瞌睡来了,在当中的一块石板仰面躺下,将书枕在后脑勺,默念刚刚读过那一支。阳光的热力下通红的眼睑上便现出蓝莹莹的那一支的卦象。
我本已无意读书,再多读一本,少读一本,读和不读无非一样等着火葬。我所以看起《周易》纯属偶然,我儿时的一位朋友,听说我的情况,特地来看望我,问我有什么事情他能帮忙的,于是谈到了气功。他听说有用气功治愈癌症的,又说他认识个人在练一种功夫,同八卦有关。他劝说我也练练,我明白他的好意。人既到了这地步,只能死马当成活马医,我便问他能不能给我找本《易经》来,我还一直未曾读过。过了一天,他果真拿来了这本《周易正义》。我受了感动,便说,小时候,我曾经怀疑他偷了我才买的一把口琴,错怪过他,后来又找到了,问他是否还记得?他胖胖的圆脸笑了,有些不自在,说,还提这于什么?窘迫的竟然是他而不是我。他显然记得,对我还这样友善。我才觉得我也有罪过,并非只是人加罪于我。这是在忏悔吗?莫非也是死前的心态?
我不知道我这一生中,究竟是人负于我多还是我负于人多?我知道确实爱我的如我已亡故的母亲,也有憎恨我的如我离异的妻子,我这剩下的不多的日子又何必去作一番清算。至于我负于人的,我的死亡就已经是一种抵偿,而人负于我的,我又无能为力。生命大抵是一团解不开恩怨的结,难道还有什么别的意义?但这样草草结束又为时过早。我发现我并未好好生活过,我如果还有一生的话,我将肯定换一种活法,但除非是奇迹。
我不相信奇迹如同我本不相信所谓命运,可当人处于绝境之中,唯一可以指望的不就只剩下奇迹?
十五天之后,我如期来到医院,作预约的断层照相。我弟弟放心不下,一定要陪我去医院,这是我不情愿的。我不愿意在亲人面前流露感情。一个人的话,我更容易控制自己,但我拗不过他,他还是跟去了。医院里还有我一位中学时的老同学,他领我直接找到放射科主任。
这主任照例戴着眼镜,坐在转椅上,看了我病历上的诊断,又看了我那两张全胸片,说还要再拍一张侧位的胸片。他当即写了个条子,让我拿到另一处去拍,说是定影之后即刻把湿片子提来。
秋天的阳光真好。室内又特别荫凉,坐在室内望着窗外阳光照射的草地更觉无限美好。我以前没这么看过阳光。我拍完例位的片子坐等暗房里显影的时候,就这么望着窗外的阳光。可这窗外的阳光离我毕竟太远,我应该想想眼前即刻要发生的事情。可这难道还需多想?我这景况如同杀人犯证据确凿坐等法官宣判死刑,只能期望出现奇迹,我那两张在不同医院先后拍的该死的全胸片不就是我死罪的证据?
我不知什么时候,未曾察觉,也许就在我注视窗外阳光的那会儿,我听见我心里正默念南无阿弥陀佛,而且已经好一会了。从我穿上衣服,从那装着让病人平躺着可以升降的设备像杀人工厂样的机房里出来的时候,似乎就已经在祷告了。
这之前,如果想到有一天我也祷告,肯定会认为是非常滑稽的事。我见到寺庙里烧香跪拜喃喃呐呐口念南无阿弥陀佛的老头老太婆,总有一种怜悯。这种怜悯和同情两者应该说相去甚远。如果用语言来表达我这种直感,大抵是,啊!可怜的人,他们可怜,他们衰老,他们那点微不足道的愿望也难以实现的时候,他们就祷告,好求得这意愿在心里实现,如此而已。我不能接受一个正当壮年的男人或是一个年轻漂亮的女人也祷告。偶尔从这样年轻的香客嘴里听到南无阿弥陀佛我就想笑,并且带有明显的恶意。我不能理解一个人正当盛年,也作这种蠢事,但我竟然祈祷了,还十分虔诚,纯然发自内心。命运就这样坚硬,人却这般软弱,在厄运面前人什么都不是。
我在等待死刑的判决时就处在这样一种什么都不是的境地,望着窗外秋天的阳光,心里默念南无阿弥陀佛。
我这老同学等不及,敲开了暗房的门,我弟弟跟了进去,他随后又被赶了出来,只好守在出片子的窗口。一会儿,我这老同学也出来了,也到窗口去等候。他们把对死囚的关心放到对他的判决书上。这比喻也不恰当。我望着他们进出,像一个无什关系的旁观者,只心中守护着那句反反复复默念着的南无阿弥陀佛。后来,我突然听见他们惊叫起来:
"怎么?"
"没有?"
"再查查看!"
"下午只有这一张侧位胸片。"暗房里的回答没好气。
他们俩用架子夹着片于,举起来看,技师也从暗房里出来,看了一眼,随便又说了句什么,就不再理会他们了。
佛说欢喜。佛说欢喜是最先替代那南无阿弥陀佛的字句的,然后便成为皆大欢喜这更为普遍的表达。这是我摆脱绝境后最初的心态,也是最实在的幸福。我受到了佛的关照,奇迹就这样出现了。但我还只是窃喜,不敢贸然坦露。
我还不放心,捏着湿的片子又去戴眼镜的主任那里验证。
他看了片子,做了个非常戏剧化的动作,双臂扬起,说:
"这不很好吗?"
"还需不需要做?"我问的是那断层照相。"还需要做什么?"他呵斥我,他是救人性命的,他有这样的权利。
他又叫我站到一架有投影屏的爱克司光透视机前,叫我深呼吸,叫我吐气,叫我转身,左转,右转。
"你自己都可以看见。"他指着影屏说,"你看,你看。"
事实上我什么都没看清,我头脑里一团浆糊,只看见明明暗暗的影屏上一副胸骨架子。
"这不什么都没有?"他大声呵斥,仿佛我故意同他捣蛋。
"可那些胸片上又怎么解释?"我止不住还问。
"没有就是没有了,消失了。还怎么解释?感冒、肺炎,都可能引起阴影,好了,就消失了。"
我只是没有问心境,心境会不会引起阴影?
"好好活着吧,年轻人。"他扭转靠椅,对我不再理会。
可不是,我好比检了一条新的生命,比新生的婴儿还年轻。
我弟弟骑着自行车赶紧走了,他本来还有个会。
这阳光也重新属于我,归我享受,我同我这位同学干脆在草坪边上的椅子上坐下,开始讨论起命运,人的命运又总是在用不着讨论的时候才加以讨论。
"生命就是种奇妙的东西。"他说,"一个纯粹偶然的现象,染色体和染色体的排列有多少可能,可以计算。但这一个特定的机会,落在那一个胚胎上,能预先算定吗?"他滔滔不绝,他是学遗传工程的,写毕业论文时做实验得出的结论同指导他的系主任意见不合,被系党总支书记找去谈话,他顶撞了一下,毕业后便把他分到大兴安岭的一个养殖场去养鹿。后来他费了好大的周折才弄到唐山一所新建成的大学里去教书,不料又被弄成反革命黑帮分子的爪牙被揪出来批斗。又折腾了将近十年,才落得个"此案查无"。唐山大地震前十天他刚调离了,整他的人没想到却砸死在倒塌的楼房里,半夜一个也没跑得出来。
"冥冥之中,自有命运!"他说。而我,倒是应该想一想,我捡来的这条性命如何换个活法?