Soul Mountain (chinese)
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"Soul Mountain is one of those singular literary creations that seem impossible to compare with anything but themselves… In the writing of Gao Xingjian literature is born anew from the struggle of the individual to survive the history of the masses."
– from the citation of the Nobel Prize committee of the Swedish Academy
When this year's Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to Chinese expatriate novelist and playwright Gao Xingjian, few in the English-speaking West were familiar with his work. Gao's masterpiece, SOUL MOUNTAIN (PerfectBound, an e-book from HarperCollins; February 20, 2001; $19.95), is a dazzling kaleidoscope of fiction, philosophy, history and fable. Elegantly translated by Australian sinologist Mabel Lee, this richly textured autobiographical novel recounts a dual journey-a literal journey into the heart of China and a spiritual journey of the self.
When Gao was 43, he was incorrectly diagnosed with lung cancer. Resigned to death by the same means that had claimed his father just a few years before, Gao spent six weeks indulging his appetites and reading philosophy. The spot on Gao's lung mysteriously disappeared, but a new threat arose when rumors began to circulate that he was to be sent to a prison farm because of his controversial writings. No longer facing imminent death, the writer quickly left Beijing and disappeared into the remote forest regions of Sichuan, then spent five months wandering along the Yangtze River from its source down to the coast. Gao's 15,000 kilometer sojourn forms the geographic parameters of the fictional journey in SOUL MOUNTAIN.
While on a train at the start of his trip, the writer protagonist meets another traveler who says he is going to Lingshan, "soul mountain," which can be found by the remote source of the You River. The writer has never heard of such a place, and he resolves to go there, but his fellow traveler can give him none but the vaguest directions. Thus begins a metaphoric odyssey into the hinterlands of China and the outlying Qiang, Miao and Yi districts that dangle on the fringes of Han Chinese civilization.
The writer is in search of the traditions that are hidden in rural China, and as he travels he encounters a parade of unforgettable characters who embody both vestiges of the past-Daoist masters, Buddhist monks, ancient calligraphers-and the modern culture that has surfaced since the revolution: small town communist cadres, budding entrepreneurs, independent young girls grappling with parochial repression. The two worlds exist uneasily as one, with stories and customs from centuries past colliding with a world of televisions, automobiles, and technology. All is permeated by the dark legacy of the Cultural Revolution, the encroachment of ecological damage, and the harsh monetary realities of everyday life in contemporary China.
SOUL MOUNTAIN is a dazzling work of the imagination, where classic fables merge with tales of modern cruelty and ancient philosophy does battle with existentialism. But Gao goes deeper still as he explores notions of the devastation of the self at the hands of social expectations. He continually shifts his narrative voice as the "I" of the writer becomes the "you" of an imagined companion, then the "she" of a woman companion. Yet all reflects back on the protagonist, who craves these two seemingly contradictory ends-the solitude necessary for nurturing the self and the anxiety-provoking warmth of human society.
Gao began this novel in the mid-eighties, then carried the manuscript with him when he fled China in 1987. Now living in Paris, he completed the book there in 1989. His writings continue to be banned in his native country. As Gao's work at last gains the public's attention here in the West, SOUL MOUNTAIN provides a dazzling introduction to the achievement of one of contemporary literature's acknowledged masters.
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你就在这凉亭边上碰上了她,是一种说不分明的期待,一种隐约的愿望,一次邂逅,一次奇遇。你黄昏又来到河边,麻条石级下,棒槌清脆的捣衣声在河面上飘荡。她就站在凉亭边上,像你一样,望着对岸苍茫的群山,而你又止不住去望她。这山乡小镇上,她那么出众,那身影,那姿态,那分茫然的神情,都非本地人所有。你走了开去,心里却惦记着,等你再转回到凉亭前,她已经不在了,夜色已暗,凉亭里亮着两点烟火,明明暗暗,有人在轻声说笑。你看不清他们的面目,但从声音上大致可以辨出是两男两女,也不像是本地人,他们无论调情还是发狠,都嗓门响亮。进而细听,这两对青年男女讲的好像是各自的把戏,怎么瞒过父母,哄骗他们工作单位的头儿,找种种借口溜出来逍遥。讲得那么得意,还止不住格格直笑。你已经过了这年纪,用不着受谁的约束,唯独没有他们这分快乐。他们兴许是乘下午的车刚到,可你记得从县城里来只有早上的一趟班车,总归他们有他们的办法。她似乎并不在他们之中,也不像他们这样快活。你离开凉亭,沿着河岸,径直走下去。你已经用不着辨认,这河岸上几十户家门,只最后一家开着卖烟酒手纸的半爿店面,石板路便折向镇里,然后是高的院墙,右手昏黄的路灯下,漆黑的门洞里便是乡政府。里面带望楼的高屋大院想必是早年间镇上富豪的旧宅。再过去,一片用残砖围住的菜园子,菜地对面有一个医院。隔一条小巷,便是近年来才盖的影剧院,正放映一部武打功夫片。这小镇你已经转过不止一遍,连晚场电影开演的时间你都不用凑近去看。从医院边上的小巷子里可以穿插到正街上,一出巷口,便面对庞大的百货公司,这你都清清楚楚,仿佛这镇上的老住户。你甚至可以导游,倘有人需要,而你自己尤其需要同人交谈。
你未曾想到的是,这条小街人夜了竟还这么热闹。只有百货公司铁门紧闭,玻璃橱窗前的铁栅栏也都拉起上了锁。别的店铺大都照旧开着,只不过白天在门前摆着的许多摊子收了起来,换上些小桌椅或是竹床铺板。当街吃饭,当街搭讪,或是望着铺子里的电视,边吃边看边聊天,楼上的窗帘则映着活动的人影。还有吹笛子的,还有小孩哭闹,家家都把声音弄得山响。录音机里放的是都市里前几年流行过的歌曲,唱得绵软,带点嗲味,还都配上电子乐强烈的节奏。人就坐在自家门口,隔着街同对面交谈。已婚的妇女这时候也就只穿着背心和短裤,跟着塑料拖鞋,端着澡盆,把脏水泼到街心。那半大不小的小子则成群结伙,满街乱窜。朝手勾着手的小丫头们擦肩而过。而你,突然,又看见了她,在一个水果摊子前。你加快脚步,她在买柚子,才上市的新鲜柚子。你便凑上前,也去问价。她手摸了一下那透青的滚圆的柚子,走了。你也就说,是的,太生。你跟上她,来玩儿的?你似乎就听见她悟了一声,还点了点头,她头发也跟着抖动了一下。你忐忑不安,生怕碰一鼻子灰,没想到她答得这么自然。你于是立即轻松了,跟上她的步子。
你也为灵山而来?你还应该讲得再俏皮一些。她头发又抖动了一下,这样,就有了共同的语言。
你一个人?
她没有回答。在装有日光灯的理发铺子前,你于是看到了她的脸,年纪轻轻,却有点憔悴,倒更显得楚楚动人。你望着套上电吹风头罩烫发的女人,说现代化就数这最快。她眼睛动了一下,笑了,你也跟着就笑。她头发散披在肩上,乌黑光亮,你想说你头发真好,又觉得有点过分,没有出口。你同她一起走着,再没说什么。不是你不想同她亲近,而是你一时找不到语言。你不免尴尬,想尽快摆脱这种窘境。
我可以陪你走走吗?这话又说得太笨。
你这人真有意思。你仿佛听见她在嘟嚷,又像是责怪,又像是允诺。可你看得出来她都故意显得轻快,你得跟上她轻捷的脚步。她毕竟不是孩子,你也不是毛头小伙,你想试着招惹她。
我可以当你的向导,你说,这是明代的建筑,至今少说有五百年的历史,你说的是这中药铺子背后那座封火墙,那山墙上的飞檐,黑暗中衬着星光翘起的一角。今晚没有月亮。五百年前的明代,不,那怕就几十年前,这街上走个夜路,也得打上灯笼。要是不信,只要离开这条正街,进到黑古隆冬的巷子里,不只几十年,只是几十步,你就回到了那古老的时代。
说着,你们便走到了一品香茶馆门前,墙角和门口站了好些人,大人小孩都有。踮脚朝里一望,你们也都站住了。门面狭窄进深很长的茶馆里,一张张方桌都收了起来。横摆着的条凳上伸着一颗颗脑袋,正中只一张方桌,从桌面上垂挂下一块镶了黄边的红布,桌后高脚凳上,坐的一位穿着宽袖长衫的说书人。
"太阳西下,浓云遮月,那蛇公蛇婆率领众妖照例来到了蓝广殿,看到童男童女,肥胖雪白,猪牛羊摆满两旁,心中大喜。蛇公对蛇婆说:托贤妻的福,今天这份寿礼,甚是丰厚。那边道:今天是太夫人大春,理该少不了管弦乐器,还需洞主操心。"拍的一响!他手上的醒堂木拍在桌子上,"真是谋高主意多!"
他放下醒堂木,拿起鼓锤,在一面松了的鼓皮上闷声敲了几下,另一只手又拿起个穿了些铁片的铃圈,缓缓晃了晃,铮铮的响,那老腔哑嗓子便交代道:
"当下蛇公吩咐,各方操办,不一会,把个蓝广殿打扮得花花绿绿,管弦齐奏。"他猛然提高嗓门,"还有那青蛙知了高声唱,猫头鹰挥舞指挥棒。"他故意来了句电视里演员的朗诵腔调,惹得听众哄的一阵笑。
你望了她一下,你们便会心笑了。你期待的正是这笑容。
进去坐坐?你找到了话说。你便领着她,绕过板凳和人脚,拣了张没坐满的条凳,挤着坐下。就看这说书人耍得好生热闹,他站了起来,把醒堂木又是一拍,响亮至极。
"拜寿开始!那众小妖魔-"他哈依依哎呀呀,左转身拱手作拜寿状,右转身摆摆手,做老妖精唱道:"免了,免了。"
这故事讲了一千年了,你在她耳边说。
还会讲下去,她像是你的回声。再讲一千年?你问。
嗯,她也抿嘴应答,像个调皮的孩子,你非常开心。
"再说那陈法通,本来七七四十九天的路程,他三天就赶到了这东公山脚下,碰上了王道士,法通顶礼道:贤师有请。那王道上答礼,客官有请。请问这蓝广殿在何处?问那做甚?那里出了妖精,可厉害呢,谁敢去呀?在下姓陈,字法通,专为捉妖而来。那道士叹了口气说,童男童女今天刚送去,不知蛇妖入肚了没有?法通一听,呀,救人要紧!"
啪的一声,只见这说书人右手举起鼓锤,左手摇着铃圈,翻起白眼,口中念念有词,浑身抖索起来…你闻到一种气味,浓烈的烟草和汗珠中的一丝幽香,来自她头发,来自于她。还有僻僻剥剥吃瓜子的声音,那吃瓜子的也目不转睛盯着罩上了法衣的说书人。他右手拿神刀,左手持龙角,越说越快,像用嘴皮子吐出一串滚珠:
"三下灵牌打打打三道催兵符尽收庐山茅山龙虎山三山神兵神将顷刻之间哦呀呀啊哈哈达古隆冬仓嗯呀-呀-呀-呜呼,天皇皇地皇皇吾乃真君大帝敕赐弟子轨邪除妖手持通灵宝剑脚踏风火轮左旋右转-"
她转身站起,你跟着也迈过人腿,人们都转而对你们怒目而视。
"急急如律令!"
你们身后哄的一阵笑声。你怎么了?没什么?干吗不听下去?有点想吐。你不舒服?
不,好些了,里面空气不好。
你们走在街上,街旁闲坐聊天的人都朝你们望着。
找个安静的地方?
嗯。
你领她拐进个小巷,街上的人声和灯光落在身后,小巷里没有路灯,只从人家的窗户里透出些昏黄的光亮。她放慢了脚步,你想起刚才的情景。
你不觉得你我就像被驱赶的妖精?
她噗哧笑出声来。
你和她于是都止不住格格大笑,她也笑得都弯下了腰。她皮鞋敲在青石板上格外的响。出了小巷,前面一片水田,泛着微光,远处模模糊糊有几幢房舍,你知道那是这市镇唯一的中学,再远处隆起的是山岗,铺伏在灰蒙蒙的夜空下,星光隐约。起风了,吹来清凉的气息,唤起一种悸动,又潜藏在这稻谷的清香里。你挨到她的臂膀,她没有挪开。你们便再没有说什么,顺着脚下灰白的田埂,向前走去。
喜欢吗?
喜欢。
你不觉得神奇?
不知道,说不出来,你别问我。
你挨紧她的手臂,她也挨紧你,你低头看她,看不清她的面目,只觉得她鼻尖细小,你闻到了那已经熟悉了的温暖的气息。她突然站住了。
我们回去吧,她呐呐道。
回哪里去?我应该休息。
那我送你。
我不想有人陪着。
她变得固执了。
你这里有亲友?还是专门来玩的?她概不回答。你不知道她从哪里来,又回哪里去。你还是送她到了街上,她径自走了,消失在小街的尽头,像一则故事,又像是梦。