Soul Mountain (chinese)
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"Soul Mountain is one of those singular literary creations that seem impossible to compare with anything but themselves… In the writing of Gao Xingjian literature is born anew from the struggle of the individual to survive the history of the masses."
– from the citation of the Nobel Prize committee of the Swedish Academy
When this year's Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to Chinese expatriate novelist and playwright Gao Xingjian, few in the English-speaking West were familiar with his work. Gao's masterpiece, SOUL MOUNTAIN (PerfectBound, an e-book from HarperCollins; February 20, 2001; $19.95), is a dazzling kaleidoscope of fiction, philosophy, history and fable. Elegantly translated by Australian sinologist Mabel Lee, this richly textured autobiographical novel recounts a dual journey-a literal journey into the heart of China and a spiritual journey of the self.
When Gao was 43, he was incorrectly diagnosed with lung cancer. Resigned to death by the same means that had claimed his father just a few years before, Gao spent six weeks indulging his appetites and reading philosophy. The spot on Gao's lung mysteriously disappeared, but a new threat arose when rumors began to circulate that he was to be sent to a prison farm because of his controversial writings. No longer facing imminent death, the writer quickly left Beijing and disappeared into the remote forest regions of Sichuan, then spent five months wandering along the Yangtze River from its source down to the coast. Gao's 15,000 kilometer sojourn forms the geographic parameters of the fictional journey in SOUL MOUNTAIN.
While on a train at the start of his trip, the writer protagonist meets another traveler who says he is going to Lingshan, "soul mountain," which can be found by the remote source of the You River. The writer has never heard of such a place, and he resolves to go there, but his fellow traveler can give him none but the vaguest directions. Thus begins a metaphoric odyssey into the hinterlands of China and the outlying Qiang, Miao and Yi districts that dangle on the fringes of Han Chinese civilization.
The writer is in search of the traditions that are hidden in rural China, and as he travels he encounters a parade of unforgettable characters who embody both vestiges of the past-Daoist masters, Buddhist monks, ancient calligraphers-and the modern culture that has surfaced since the revolution: small town communist cadres, budding entrepreneurs, independent young girls grappling with parochial repression. The two worlds exist uneasily as one, with stories and customs from centuries past colliding with a world of televisions, automobiles, and technology. All is permeated by the dark legacy of the Cultural Revolution, the encroachment of ecological damage, and the harsh monetary realities of everyday life in contemporary China.
SOUL MOUNTAIN is a dazzling work of the imagination, where classic fables merge with tales of modern cruelty and ancient philosophy does battle with existentialism. But Gao goes deeper still as he explores notions of the devastation of the self at the hands of social expectations. He continually shifts his narrative voice as the "I" of the writer becomes the "you" of an imagined companion, then the "she" of a woman companion. Yet all reflects back on the protagonist, who craves these two seemingly contradictory ends-the solitude necessary for nurturing the self and the anxiety-provoking warmth of human society.
Gao began this novel in the mid-eighties, then carried the manuscript with him when he fled China in 1987. Now living in Paris, he completed the book there in 1989. His writings continue to be banned in his native country. As Gao's work at last gains the public's attention here in the West, SOUL MOUNTAIN provides a dazzling introduction to the achievement of one of contemporary literature's acknowledged masters.
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在海拔两千五百公尺观察大熊猫的营地，到处在滴水，被褥都是潮湿的。我已经住了两夜，白天穿着这营地里的羽绒衣，身上也总潮呼呼的。最舒服的时候，是在火堆前吃饭，喝着热汤。一口大铝锅用铁丝吊在伙房棚子的横梁上，底下架着的树干不用锯断，架起在灰烬上顺着烧，火苗冒起足有一两尺高，又可以照明。每当围着火堆吃饭，有一只松鼠总来，蹲在棚子边上，滚圆的眼睛直转。也只有在吃晚饭的时候，人才聚齐。有几句玩笑。吃完晚饭，天也就全黑了，营地被魁黑的森林包围着，人都钻进棚子里，在煤油灯下做自己的事情。
他们长年在深山里，该说的都已说完，没有新闻。只有一位雇的羌族山民，从海拔两千一百公尺的卧龙关，进山后最后的一个村落，每隔两天，用背篓背来些新鲜的蔬菜和整片的羊肉或猪肉。保护区管理处离村子也还远。他们只有一个月或几个月才轮流下山休息一两天，去管理处理发、洗澡，改善一下伙食。平时的假日都积攒起来，到时候乘保护区的车子到成都去看女朋友，或是回到其他城市他们自己的家，对他们来说，那才是生活。他们没有报纸，也不收听广播，雷根，经济体制改革，物价上涨，清除精神污染，电影百花奖，等等等等，那个喧嚣的世界都留给了城市，对他们来说这都太遥远了。只有一位去年才分配来这里工作的大学毕业生总戴着耳机。我凑近他身边，才听出他在学英语。再有一位在油灯下看书的青年人，他们都准备报考研究生，好离开这里。还有一位，把白天接收到的无线电讯号，按测定的方位，-一国在一张航空测绘的座标图上，这些讯号是由被诱捕套上无线电颈圈再放回到林海中去的大熊猫身上发射出来的。
同我一起进山在这山里连续转了两天的那位老植物学家早已躺下不知是否睡着了，这潮湿的被褥里我怎么也暖和不过来，和衣躺着，连脑子也好像冻僵了，而山外正是阳春五月。我摸到了一只草蚤，盯在我大腿内侧，是白天在草丛中转从裤腿里爬上来的，有小指甲这么大，硬得像块伤疤。我按住使劲揉搓，也还拔不出来。我知道再使劲就会拔断，它那紧紧咬住的头嘴就只能长久长在我皮肉里。我只好向我旁边铺位上的营地的一位工作人员求援，他让我脱光了，在我大腿上猛一巴掌，就手把这吸血鬼拧了出来。扔进灯罩里，冒出一股肉馅饼的气味。他答应明天给我找一副绑腿。
棚子里十分安静，听得见棚子外、林子里，到处都在滴水。山风由远及近，并不到跟前来，就又退了回去，只在幽远的山谷里喧哗。后来，我头顶上的板壁也开始滴水了，好像就涌在被子上。漏雨了？我无意起身，里外反正都一样潮湿，就由它一滴，一滴，滴着…后来，听见了砰地一声，清晰又沉闷，在山谷里回荡。
"在白崖那个方向，"有人说了一句。
"妈的，偷猎的，"另一个人骂道。
人都醒了，或者说，就都没睡着。"看一看时间？"
"十二点差五分。"
就再没有人说话，似乎等着枪声再响。而枪声也就不再响。这种破碎了又悬置的沉寂中，只有椰子外的滴水声和抑郁在山谷里的风潮。你就似乎听见了野兽的踪迹。这本是野兽的世界，人居然还不放过它们。四下的黑暗中都潜伏着骚乱和躁动，这夜显得更加险峻，也就唤醒了你总有的那种被窥探，被跟踪，被伏击的不安，你依然得不到灵魂中渴求的那分宁静…
"来了！"
"谁来了？"
"贝贝来了！"那大学生喊道。
棚子里一片忙乱，大家都起来了，跳下了床。
棚子外面呼味呼味喷着鼻息，这就是他们援救过的，产后病了的，饥饿的，来找寻食物的熊猫！他们就等着它来。他们就相信它会再来。已经又有十多天了，他们都算着日子，他们说它肯定会来，在新竹笋长出之前，它就还要再来，而它就来了，他们的宠儿，他们的宝贝，用爪子扒搔着板壁。
有人先开了一线门缝，拎着一桶玉米粥闪了出去，大家跟着都跑出去了。朦胧的夜色中，一只灰黑的大家伙正一摇一摆，走动着。那人将玉米粥立刻倒在盆里，它跟上前去，呼哧呼哧着粗气，手电光全落到这黑腰围黑眼睛身躯灰白的野兽身上。它也不理会，只顾着吃，头都不抬一下。有人抢着拍照，闪光灯直亮，大家轮流凑近它身旁，叫它，逗它，摸一下它那硬得像猪棕样的皮毛。它抬起头来，人又都匆忙逃开，钻进棚里。毕竟是野兽，一只健壮的熊猫可以同豹子格斗。它第一次来把盛食物的铝盆也嚼碎了一起吃下，消化不了的一颗颗铝豆再排泄出来，他们都追踪过它的粪球。曾经有一位记者，为了宣传大熊猫像猫咪一样可爱，在山下管理处诱捕到的熊猫饲养场里，企图搂住它合影，被一爪子抓掉了生殖器，当即用车子送到成都去急救。
它终于吃完了，抓了根甘蔗，咬着，摇晃肥大的尾巴，钻进营地边上的冷箭竹和灌丛中去了。
"我说过贝贝今天要来的。"
"它多半是这时候来，总在二点到三点之间。"
"我听见它呼哧呼哧在抓搔门板。"
"它知道讨吃了，这坏东西！"
"饿坏了，一大桶全都吃光了。"
"它胖了些，我摸的。"
他们谈论得这样热情，讲述每一个细节，谁怎么先听见的，谁先开的门，怎么从门缝里看见它，它怎么跟踪人，怎么把头伸进桶里，又怎么在盆子边上还坐下了，怎样吃得津津有味，谁又说它在玉米粥里还放了糖，它也喜欢吃甜的！他们平时都很少交谈，可谈起这贝贝，就像是大家的情人。
我看了看表，这前后总共不超过十分钟，他们谈起来却没完没了。油灯都点亮了，好几位索性坐在床上。可不，山上这单调寂寞的生活，就靠这点安慰。他们从贝贝又讲到了憨憨。先头那一声枪响，叫大家都担心。贝贝之前的憨憨，就是被山里的一个叫冷治忠的农民打死的。他们当时收到憨憨的信号，好多天都在一个方位不曾移动。他们判断它大概病了，情况严重，便出发去找寻。结果在林子里一堆新上下挖出了憨憨的尸骨和还在播放无线电讯号的颈圈。又带着猪犬跟踪搜索，找到了这冷治忠的家和吊在屋檐下卷起的皮子。另一只也诱捕过带上了颈圈的莉莉的讯号就干脆消失在茫茫的林海里，再也不曾接收到。是被豹子捕食时也把颈圈咬碎了，还是碰上个更为精明的猎人，用枪托把颈圈也砸了，就无从知道。天将亮时分，又听见两声枪响，来自营地下方，都很沉闷，回响在山谷里拖得很长。就像退膛时抢膛里的烟子，回旋着不肯消散。
