Soul Mountain (chinese)
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"Soul Mountain is one of those singular literary creations that seem impossible to compare with anything but themselves… In the writing of Gao Xingjian literature is born anew from the struggle of the individual to survive the history of the masses."
– from the citation of the Nobel Prize committee of the Swedish Academy
When this year's Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to Chinese expatriate novelist and playwright Gao Xingjian, few in the English-speaking West were familiar with his work. Gao's masterpiece, SOUL MOUNTAIN (PerfectBound, an e-book from HarperCollins; February 20, 2001; $19.95), is a dazzling kaleidoscope of fiction, philosophy, history and fable. Elegantly translated by Australian sinologist Mabel Lee, this richly textured autobiographical novel recounts a dual journey-a literal journey into the heart of China and a spiritual journey of the self.
When Gao was 43, he was incorrectly diagnosed with lung cancer. Resigned to death by the same means that had claimed his father just a few years before, Gao spent six weeks indulging his appetites and reading philosophy. The spot on Gao's lung mysteriously disappeared, but a new threat arose when rumors began to circulate that he was to be sent to a prison farm because of his controversial writings. No longer facing imminent death, the writer quickly left Beijing and disappeared into the remote forest regions of Sichuan, then spent five months wandering along the Yangtze River from its source down to the coast. Gao's 15,000 kilometer sojourn forms the geographic parameters of the fictional journey in SOUL MOUNTAIN.
While on a train at the start of his trip, the writer protagonist meets another traveler who says he is going to Lingshan, "soul mountain," which can be found by the remote source of the You River. The writer has never heard of such a place, and he resolves to go there, but his fellow traveler can give him none but the vaguest directions. Thus begins a metaphoric odyssey into the hinterlands of China and the outlying Qiang, Miao and Yi districts that dangle on the fringes of Han Chinese civilization.
The writer is in search of the traditions that are hidden in rural China, and as he travels he encounters a parade of unforgettable characters who embody both vestiges of the past-Daoist masters, Buddhist monks, ancient calligraphers-and the modern culture that has surfaced since the revolution: small town communist cadres, budding entrepreneurs, independent young girls grappling with parochial repression. The two worlds exist uneasily as one, with stories and customs from centuries past colliding with a world of televisions, automobiles, and technology. All is permeated by the dark legacy of the Cultural Revolution, the encroachment of ecological damage, and the harsh monetary realities of everyday life in contemporary China.
SOUL MOUNTAIN is a dazzling work of the imagination, where classic fables merge with tales of modern cruelty and ancient philosophy does battle with existentialism. But Gao goes deeper still as he explores notions of the devastation of the self at the hands of social expectations. He continually shifts his narrative voice as the "I" of the writer becomes the "you" of an imagined companion, then the "she" of a woman companion. Yet all reflects back on the protagonist, who craves these two seemingly contradictory ends-the solitude necessary for nurturing the self and the anxiety-provoking warmth of human society.
Gao began this novel in the mid-eighties, then carried the manuscript with him when he fled China in 1987. Now living in Paris, he completed the book there in 1989. His writings continue to be banned in his native country. As Gao's work at last gains the public's attention here in the West, SOUL MOUNTAIN provides a dazzling introduction to the achievement of one of contemporary literature's acknowledged masters.
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"这是保小娃儿祛病消灾的。你们哪一个小娃儿?报个姓名生辰八字来?"
"叫狗娃儿来?"有人撺掇。
"我不。"
坐在门槛上的一个小男孩爬起来,立刻钻到人背后去了。众人又是一阵笑。
"怕啥子?老爹子做了你回后不得病的,"门外一个中年妇女说。
小男孩躲在众人背后,死也不肯出来。
老头儿把衣袖一摆,说:
"也罢,"又对我说,"通常要准备米饭一碗,煮好的鸡蛋一个,竖在米饭碗上,焚香恭请。小娃儿跪倒叩头,尔后请到四 方真 君,紫微大帝,北方九振 解厄星 君,南斗大祠延 寿星 君,本乡二位守护尊神,历代考妣宗亲,灶府神君子孙,伏祈领纳-"
说着,抬起司刀,向上一挑,放声唱将起来:
"魂魄魂魄,玩耍过了快回来!东方有青衣童子,南方有赤衣童子,西方有白衣童子护卫你,北方的黑衣童子也送你归。迷魂游魄莫玩耍,路途遥远不好还家。我把五尺为你量路,你若到了黑暗处。你若落进天罗地网里,我剪刀一把都绞断。你若饥渴乏力气,我有粮米供给你。你不要在森林里听鸟叫,木要在深潭边上看鱼游,人叫千声你莫回答,魂魄魂魄你快回家!神灵保佑,厝德不忘!自此魂守身,魄守舍,风寒无侵,水土难犯,少时越坚,老当益壮,长命百岁,精神健康!他挥舞司刀,在空中划了一个大圈,鼓足了腮帮子,把牛角呜呜吹了起来。然后转向我说:
"再画符一张,佩之大吉!
我弄不清他是否真的相信自己的法术,总之他手舞足蹈,脚步轻摇,神情得意。在他自家的堂屋里,自设的道场,有他六个儿子助威,深得乡里人敬重,又有这样一个外来的客人欣赏,他不能不十分兴奋。
他随后便一个接一个神咒,呼天唤地,语意越加含糊,动作越发迷狂,围着案子,拳式剑术统统使展开来。他那六个男儿,随着他的声调高低和舞步招式的变化,锣鼓点子也不断演出新的花样,越打越加起劲。特别是击鼓的小伙子,乾脆甩掉褂子,亮出黛黑的肌肤,筋骨都在肩肤上抖动跳跃。门后围观的人,越来越多,挤得前面的人从门槛外跨进门里,门里的又被挤到墙角,有的干脆在墙边上就地坐下。每一曲完了,大家跟着我都鼓掌叫好,老头儿也越发得意,耍出全身的招数,毫无顾忌,把心中的鬼神一个个呼喊出来,进入一种如醉如痴的状态。直到我一盘录音磁带到头,停下机子换磁带,他才喘着气停了下来。这屋里屋外男男女女,都兴奋得不行,止不住说笑打趣,村民们开大会肯定也没这么热闹。
老头一边用毛巾擦汗,指着屋里他跟前的几个女孩子说:
"你们也给这位老师唱一个。"
女孩子们窃窃便笑,叽叽喳喳,推推搡搡了好一会,才把一个叫毛妹的小姑娘推了出来。这细条的小丫头也就十四五岁,倒不扭捏,眨巴一双大圆眼睛,问:
"唱啥子哟?"
"唱个山歌子。"
"唱姊妹子出嫁!
"唱四季花!
"就唱姊妹哭嫁,这歌子好听,"门边上一位中年妇女朝我推荐。
这女孩望了我一眼,侧身,避过脸去,一声极高的女声穿透嘈杂的人声,回旋直上,把我从灯光的阴影里立刻带到了山野。山风和清幽的泉水,偏偏流水一般的悲伤,又悠远又清亮。我想到了夜行者的火把在越黑的山影里游动,眼前又浮现那个景象,一个打松油柴火把的老老领着个女孩,也就她这年纪,瘦价伶的穿一身花布衣裤,从那山村小学教师家门前经过,我当时正在他堂屋里闲坐,不知他们从哪里来,不知他们到哪里去,前面是森然墨黑的一座大山。他们朝堂屋里张望了我一眼,没有停步,随即走进漆黑的山影里,门前落下明亮的火星子还闪烁了好一会。转眼再去追踪那火把,从树影和岩壁后面再出现时便成了一颗细小的、飘忽不定的火苗,悠游在黑
的山影里,后面落下的断断续续的火星子隐约显示出他们的踪迹。随后什么也没有了,不再见那细小飘忽的火苗,也没有暗红的火星的残迹,如同一首歌,一曲飘荡在如豆一般的灯花与屋里阴影之上的那明亮而纯净的忧伤。那些年里,我同他们一样,也赤脚下水田里干活,天一黑便没有去处,那位小学教员的家是我唯一可以聊天,喝茶,呆坐,排遣孤独的地方。这忧伤打动了屋里屋外所有的人,没有人再说话了。她歌声停息了好一会,才有个比她年长的女孩子,也该是个待嫁的姑娘,依在门上叹息了一声:
"好伤心啊!
然后,才又有人起哄:
"唱一个花花子歌!"
"大伯,来个五更天!"
"来个十八摸!"
这多半是后生们在吆喝。
老头缓过气把道袍脱了,从板凳上站起来,开始赶那唱歌的小丫头和挤坐在门槛上的小孩子。
"小娃儿都回家盹觉去!都盹觉去,不唱了,不唱了。"
谁也不肯出去。站在门槛外的那中年妇女便一个个叫名字,也赶这些孩子。老头跺脚,做出发火的样子,大声喝道:
"统统出去!关门,关门,要盹觉了!
那中年妇女跨进门槛,拖这些小女孩,同时也对小子们叫唤:
"你们也都出去!"
后生们纷纷吐舌,出怪声!
"耶-"
终于有两个大女孩乖巧,出门去了。于是,众人连推带叫把女孩和小孩子们全轰出门外。那妇人去关房门,外面的成年人乘机全挤进屋里。门栓插上了,屋里热烘烘的一股人汗的气味。老头清了清嗓子,吐了口唾沫,朝众人挤挤眼,又变了个模样,一副狡狯精道的坏相,猫腰走动,瞅了瞅众人,憋住嗓子,唱了起来:
"男人修,修的啥子?修一根棍棍, 女人修,修个什么?
修一条沟沟。
众人跟着一阵子叫好。老头儿用手把嘴一抹:
"棍棍掉进了沟沟里,
变成一条蹦蹦乱跳的活泥鳅-呀!"
轰的一声,众人笑得弯腰的弯腰,跺脚的跺脚。
"再来一个傻子老儿娶老婆!"有人叫。
小子们齐声也叫:"喳-"
老头子来劲了,把桌子往后撤,堂屋当中腾出一块地方。他朝地上一蹲,就听见砰砰打门声。老头没好气冲着房门喝道:
"哪一个?"
"我。"
屋外有个男人应了一声。房门立刻打开,进来一个被件褂子留个分头的后生。众人跟着喃呐道:
"村长来了,村长来了,村长来了,村长来了。
老头站了起来。来人本来还笑眯眯的,眼光一下落到桌上放的那架录音机,转而一扫,落到我身上,笑容瞬时收敛了。老头说:
"我的一个客。"
他转身又向我介绍:"这是我大儿子。"
我向他伸出手去,他抽动了一下被在肩上的上衣,并不同我握手,只是问:
"你哪里来的?"
老头连忙解释:"北京下来的一位老师。他儿子皱了皱眉头,问:
你有公函吗?"
"我有证件,"我说,掏出我那个带照片的作协会员证。
他翻来复去里外看了几遍,才把证件还给我,说:
"没有公函不行。"
"你要啥子公函?"我问。
"乡政府的,再不,有县政府的公章也行。"
"我这证件上盖的钢印!"我说。
他将信将疑,又接过去,就着灯光细看了看,还是还给我,说:
"看不清楚。"
"我是从北京来专门收集民歌的!"
我当然不让步,顾不得客气。他见我态度也硬,便转向他父亲,厉声训斥道:
"爸,你不是不晓得,这要犯原则的!"
"他是我新交的朋友,"老头还想辩解,可在村长儿子面前,显见气短。
"都回家睡觉去!这要犯原则的。"
他对众人又重申一遍。有人已经开溜,他那几个小兄弟也把锣鼓家伙不声不响全撤了。扫兴的当然不止是我,最颓丧的还是他老头子,像当头泼了盆凉水,精气神全消,两眼无光,萎缩得连我都替他难过。我不得不作些解释,说:"你爸是难得的民间艺人,我专门来向他请教。你的原则原则上不错,也还有别的管这些原则的,更大的原则-
可这更大的原则,我一时也难得同他说得清楚。 "你明早到乡政府去,他们要讲行,你叫乡政府盖个公章再来。"
他口气也缓和了一些,随即把他父亲拉到一边,低声又说了些什么,便提了提披在肩上的上衣,出门去了。
人都走光了,老头插上大门,到灶屋里去了。不一会,他瘦小的妻子端上来一大碗咸肉烧豆腐和各种膨菜。我说吃不下了,老头坚持要我一定吃一点。桌上自然无话。之后,他便张罗让我同他睡在灶屋边上一间通猪圈的房里,这就半夜一点多钟了。吹熄了灯,蚊子于是轮番空袭。我脸上,头上,耳朵上,手不停拍打。房里闷热,气味也难闻。他家的狗见来了生人兴奋得不行,脚步刷刷刷刷,跑进跑出,搅得猪圈里的猪也不断哼哼,拱动不息。床底下几只忘了关进鸡笼的鸡被狗弄得打不成瞌睡,时不时扑打翅膀。我尽管疲劳不堪,无法入睡。过不多久,床下的一只公鸡开始啼鸣,老头却打着震天响的呼嗜。不知蚊子是不是不叮他,专吸生人的血,还是他一睡熟,便失去知觉?可我不堪困扰,索性爬起来,打开堂屋的门,在门槛上坐下。凉风吹来,汗水全收了。影影绰绰的树林间,灰蒙蒙的夜空没有星光。黎明前这小山村一家家披连的灰黑瓦顶下人尚在熟睡。这之前,我怎么也不曾想到会来这里,在这个只有十多户人家的小山村里会有这么快活的夜晚,被打断兴致的那种遗憾随着阵阵凉意也消失了,那通常称之为生活的都在不言中。