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Soul Mountain (chinese)

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Soul Mountain (chinese)
Название: Soul Mountain (chinese)
Автор: Xingjian Gao
Дата добавления: 16 январь 2020
Количество просмотров: 379
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"Soul Mountain is one of those singular literary creations that seem impossible to compare with anything but themselves… In the writing of Gao Xingjian literature is born anew from the struggle of the individual to survive the history of the masses."

– from the citation of the Nobel Prize committee of the Swedish Academy

When this year's Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to Chinese expatriate novelist and playwright Gao Xingjian, few in the English-speaking West were familiar with his work. Gao's masterpiece, SOUL MOUNTAIN (PerfectBound, an e-book from HarperCollins; February 20, 2001; $19.95), is a dazzling kaleidoscope of fiction, philosophy, history and fable. Elegantly translated by Australian sinologist Mabel Lee, this richly textured autobiographical novel recounts a dual journey-a literal journey into the heart of China and a spiritual journey of the self.

When Gao was 43, he was incorrectly diagnosed with lung cancer. Resigned to death by the same means that had claimed his father just a few years before, Gao spent six weeks indulging his appetites and reading philosophy. The spot on Gao's lung mysteriously disappeared, but a new threat arose when rumors began to circulate that he was to be sent to a prison farm because of his controversial writings. No longer facing imminent death, the writer quickly left Beijing and disappeared into the remote forest regions of Sichuan, then spent five months wandering along the Yangtze River from its source down to the coast. Gao's 15,000 kilometer sojourn forms the geographic parameters of the fictional journey in SOUL MOUNTAIN.

While on a train at the start of his trip, the writer protagonist meets another traveler who says he is going to Lingshan, "soul mountain," which can be found by the remote source of the You River. The writer has never heard of such a place, and he resolves to go there, but his fellow traveler can give him none but the vaguest directions. Thus begins a metaphoric odyssey into the hinterlands of China and the outlying Qiang, Miao and Yi districts that dangle on the fringes of Han Chinese civilization.

The writer is in search of the traditions that are hidden in rural China, and as he travels he encounters a parade of unforgettable characters who embody both vestiges of the past-Daoist masters, Buddhist monks, ancient calligraphers-and the modern culture that has surfaced since the revolution: small town communist cadres, budding entrepreneurs, independent young girls grappling with parochial repression. The two worlds exist uneasily as one, with stories and customs from centuries past colliding with a world of televisions, automobiles, and technology. All is permeated by the dark legacy of the Cultural Revolution, the encroachment of ecological damage, and the harsh monetary realities of everyday life in contemporary China.

SOUL MOUNTAIN is a dazzling work of the imagination, where classic fables merge with tales of modern cruelty and ancient philosophy does battle with existentialism. But Gao goes deeper still as he explores notions of the devastation of the self at the hands of social expectations. He continually shifts his narrative voice as the "I" of the writer becomes the "you" of an imagined companion, then the "she" of a woman companion. Yet all reflects back on the protagonist, who craves these two seemingly contradictory ends-the solitude necessary for nurturing the self and the anxiety-provoking warmth of human society.

Gao began this novel in the mid-eighties, then carried the manuscript with him when he fled China in 1987. Now living in Paris, he completed the book there in 1989. His writings continue to be banned in his native country. As Gao's work at last gains the public's attention here in the West, SOUL MOUNTAIN provides a dazzling introduction to the achievement of one of contemporary literature's acknowledged masters.

Внимание! Книга может содержать контент только для совершеннолетних. Для несовершеннолетних чтение данного контента СТРОГО ЗАПРЕЩЕНО! Если в книге присутствует наличие пропаганды ЛГБТ и другого, запрещенного контента - просьба написать на почту [email protected] для удаления материала

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五十三

  我骑着一辆租来的自行车,这盛夏中午,烈日下四十度以上的高温,江陵老城刚翻修的柏油马路都晒得稀软。三国时代的这荆州古城的城门洞里,穿过的风也是热的。一个老太婆躺在竹靠椅上,面前摆了个茶水摊子。她毫无顾忌,敞开洗得稀薄软塌塌的麻布短褂,露出两只空皮囊样干瘪的乳房,闭目养神,由我喝了一瓶捏在手里都发烫的汽水,看也不看我丢下的钱是否够数。一只狗拖着舌头,趴在城门洞口喘息,流着口水。

  城外,几块尚未收割的稻田里澄黄的稻谷沉甸甸已经熟透,收割过的田里新插上的晚稻也青绿油亮。路上和田里空无一人,人此时都还在自家屋里歇凉,车辆也几乎见不到。

  我骑车在公路中央,路面蒸腾着一股股像火焰一样透明的气浪。我汗流使背,干脆脱了湿透了的圆领衫,顶在头上遮点太阳。骑快了,汗衫飘扬起来,耳边多少有点湿风。

  旱地里的棉花开着大朵大朵红的黄的花,挂着一串串白花的全是芝麻。明晃晃的阳光下异常寂静,奇怪的是知了和青蛙都不怎么叫唤。

  骑着骑着,短裤也湿透了,紧紧贴在腿上,脱了才好,骑起车来该多痛快。我不免想起早年间见过的脱得赤条条车水的农民,晒得乌黑的臂膀搭在水车的杠子上,倒也率性而自然。他们见妇人家从田边路过,便唱起淫词小调,并无多少恶意,女人听了只是抿嘴笑笑,唱的人倒也解乏,可不就是这类民歌的来历?这一带正是田间号子"蓐草锣鼓"的故乡,不过如今不用水车,改为电动抽水机排灌,再也见不到这类景象。

  我知道楚国的故都地面上什么遗迹也不可能看到,无非白跑一趟。不过来回只二十公里,离开江陵之前不去凭吊一番,会是一种遗憾。我把考古站留守的一对年轻夫妇的午睡搅醒了。他们大学毕业才一年多,来这里当了看守,守护这片沉睡在地底下的废墟,还不知等到哪一年才会发掘。也许是新婚的缘故,他们还不曾感到寂寞,非常热情接待了我。这年轻的妻子给我一连倒了两大碗泡了草药解暑的发苦的凉茶。刚做丈夫的这小伙子又领我到一片隆起的土岗子上,指点给我看那一片也已开始收割的稻田,土岗边的高地上也种的棉花和芝麻。

  "这纪南城内自秦灭楚之后,"这小伙子说,"就没有人居住,战国以后的文物这里没有发现,但战国时代的墓葬城内倒发掘过,这城应该建在战国中期。史料上记载,楚怀王之前,已迁都于郢。如果从楚怀王算起,作为楚国的都城,有四百多年了。当然史学界也有人持异议,认为那不在此地。可我们是从考古的角度出发,这里农民耕地时已陆续发现了战国时代许多残缺的陶器和青铜器。要是发掘的话,肯定非常可观。"

  他手指一个方向,又说:"秦国大将白起拔郢,引的河水淹没了这座都城。这城原先三面是水门,朱河从南门到北门向东流去,东面,就是我们脚下这土墩子,有个海子湖,直通长江。长江当时在荆州城附近,现在已经南迁了将近两公里。前面的纪山,有楚贵族的墓葬。西面八岭山,是历代楚王的墓群,都被盗过了。"

  远处,有几道略微起伏的小丘陵,文献上既称之为山,不妨也可。

  "这里本是城门楼,"他又指着脚边那一片稻田,"河水泛滥后,泥土堆积至少有十多米厚。"

  倒也是,从地望来看,借用一下考古学的术语,除了远近农田间断断续续的几条土坎子,就数脚下这块稍高出一些。

  "东南部是宫殿,作坊区在北边,西南区还发现过冶炼的遗址。南方地下水位高,遗址的保持不如北边。"

  经他这一番指点,我点头称是,算是大致认出了城廓。如果不是这正午刺目的烈日,幽魂都爬出来的话,那夜市必定热闹非凡。

  从土坡上下来的时候,他说这就出了都城。城外当年的那海子湖如今成了个小水塘,倒还长满荷叶,一朵朵粉红的荷花出水怒放。三闾大夫屈原被逐出宫门大概就从这土坡下经过,肯定采了这塘里的荷花作为佩带。海子湖还不萎缩成这小水塘之前岸边自然还长满各种香草,他想必用来编成冠冕,在这水乡泽国愤然高歌,才留下了那些千古绝唱。他要不逐出宫门,也许还成就不了这位大诗人。

  他之后的李白唐玄宗要不赶出宫廷,没准也成不了诗仙,更不会有酒后泛舟又下水捞月的传说。他淹死的那地方据说在长江下游的采石肌,那地方现今江水已远远退去,成了一片污染严重的沙洲。连这荆州古城如今都在河床之下,不是十多米高的大堤防护早就成了龙宫。

  这之后我又去了湖南,穿过屈原投江自尽的泊罗江,不过没有去洞庭湖畔再追踪他的足迹,原因是我访问过的好几位生态学家都告诉我,这八百里水域如今只剩下地图上的三分之一,他们还冷酷预言,以目前泥沙淤积和围垦的速度,再过二十年这国土上最大的淡水湖也将从地面上消失,且不管地图上如何绘制。我不知道我童年待过的零陵乡下,我母亲带我躲日本飞机的那农家前的小河,是不是还淹得死小狗?我现今也还看得见那条皮毛湿流源扔在沙地上的死狗。我母亲也是淹死的。她当时自告奋勇,响应号召去农场改造思想,值完夜班去河边涮洗,黎明时分,竟淹死在河里,死的时候不到四十岁。我看过她十七岁时的一本纪念册,有她和她那一帮参加救亡运动热血青年的诗文,写得当然没有屈原这么伟大。她的弟弟也是淹死的,不知是出于少年英雄,还是出于爱国热忱,他投考空军学校,录取的当天兴高采烈,邀了一伙男孩子去赣江里游泳。他从伸进江中的木筏子上一个猛于扎进急流之中,他的那伙朋友当时正忙于瓜分他脱下的裤子口袋里的零花钱,见出事了便四散逃走。他算是自己找死的,死的时候刚十五周岁,我外婆哭得死去活来。

  她的大儿子,也就是我的大舅,没这么爱国,是个纨绔子弟。不过他不玩鸡斗狗,只好摩登,那时候凡外国来的均属摩登,这词如今则译成为现代化。他穿西装打领带,够现代化的,只是那时代还不时兴牛仔裤。玩照相机那年月可是货真价实的摩登,他到处拍照,自己冲洗,又并不想当新闻记者,却照蟋蟀。他拍的斗蟋蟀的照片居然还保留至今,未曾烧掉。可他自己却年纪轻轻死于伤寒,据我母亲说是他病情本来已经好转,贪吃了一碗鸡蛋炒饭发病身亡。他白好摩登,却不懂现代医学。

  我外婆是在我母亲死后才死的,同她早逝的子女相比,还算命大,竟然活到她子女之后,死在孤老院里。我恐怕并非楚人的苗裔,却不顾暑热,连楚王的故都都去凭吊一番,更没有理由不去找寻拉住我的手,领我去朝天宫庙会买过陀螺的我外婆的下落。她的死是听我姑妈说的。我这姑妈未尽天年,如今也死了。我的亲人怎么大都成了死人?我真不知道是我也老了,还是这世界太老?

  现今想起,我这外婆真好像是另一个世界的人。她生前就相信鬼神,特别怕下地狱,总指望生前积德,来世好得到好报。她年轻守寡,我外公留下了一笔家产,她身边就总有一批装神弄鬼的人,像苍蝇一样围着她转。他们串通好了,老唆使她破财还愿,叫她夜里到井边去投下银元。其实井底他们先放下了个铁丝筛子,她投下的银钱自然都捞进他们的腰包,酒后再传了出来,作为笑料。最后弄得她把房产卖个精光,只带了一包多少年前早已典押给人的田契,同女儿一起过。后来听说农村土地改革,我母亲想了起来,叫她快翻翻箱子,果真从箱子底把那一卷皱巴巴的黄表纸和糊窗户的棉纸找了出来,吓得赶紧塞进炉膛里烧了。

  我这外婆脾气还极坏,平时和人讲话都象在吵架,同我母亲也不合,要回她老家去的时候说是等她外孙我长大了,中了状元,用小汽车再接她来养老。可她哪里知道,她这外孙不是做官的材料,连京城里的办公室都没坐住,后来也弄到农村种田接受改造去了。这期间,她便死了,死在一个孤老院里。那大混乱的年代,不知她死活,我弟弟假冒革命串联的名义,可以不花钱白坐火车,专门去找过她一趟。问了好几个养老院,说没有这人。人便倒过来问他:是找敬老院还是孤老院?我兄弟又问:这敬老院和孤老院有什么区别?人说得十分严正:敬老院里都是出身成分没有问题历史清白的老人,身分历史有问题或不清不楚的才弄到孤老院去。他便给孤老院又打了个电话。电话里一个更为严厉的声音问:你是她什么人?打听她做什么?其时,他从学校里出来还没有个领工资吃饭的地方,怕把他的城市户口也弄得吊销了,赶紧把电话扣上,又过了几年,学校里进行军训,机关工厂实行军管,不安分的人都安分下来了,刚接受过改造从乡下才回城工作的我姑妈,这时来信说,她听说我外婆前两年已经死了。我终于打听到确有这么个孤老院,在城郊十公里的一个叫桃花村的地方,冒着当头暑日,我骑了一个多小时的自行车,在这么个不见一棵桃树的木材厂的隔壁,总算找到了挂着个养老院牌子的院落。院里有几幢简易的二层楼房,可没见到一个老人。也许是老人更怕热,都缩在房里歇凉。

我找到一间房门敞开的办公室,一位穿个汗背心的干部腿跷到桌上,靠在藤条椅上,正在关心时事。我问这里是不是当年的孤老院?他放下报纸,说:

  "又改回来了,现今没有孤老院,全都叫养老院。"

  我没有问是不是还有敬老院,只请他查一查有没有这样一位已经去世了的老人。他倒好说话,没问我要证件,从抽屉里拿出个死亡登记簿,逐年翻查,然后在一页上停住,又问了我一遍死者的姓名。

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