Soul Mountain (chinese)
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"Soul Mountain is one of those singular literary creations that seem impossible to compare with anything but themselves… In the writing of Gao Xingjian literature is born anew from the struggle of the individual to survive the history of the masses."
– from the citation of the Nobel Prize committee of the Swedish Academy
When this year's Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to Chinese expatriate novelist and playwright Gao Xingjian, few in the English-speaking West were familiar with his work. Gao's masterpiece, SOUL MOUNTAIN (PerfectBound, an e-book from HarperCollins; February 20, 2001; $19.95), is a dazzling kaleidoscope of fiction, philosophy, history and fable. Elegantly translated by Australian sinologist Mabel Lee, this richly textured autobiographical novel recounts a dual journey-a literal journey into the heart of China and a spiritual journey of the self.
When Gao was 43, he was incorrectly diagnosed with lung cancer. Resigned to death by the same means that had claimed his father just a few years before, Gao spent six weeks indulging his appetites and reading philosophy. The spot on Gao's lung mysteriously disappeared, but a new threat arose when rumors began to circulate that he was to be sent to a prison farm because of his controversial writings. No longer facing imminent death, the writer quickly left Beijing and disappeared into the remote forest regions of Sichuan, then spent five months wandering along the Yangtze River from its source down to the coast. Gao's 15,000 kilometer sojourn forms the geographic parameters of the fictional journey in SOUL MOUNTAIN.
While on a train at the start of his trip, the writer protagonist meets another traveler who says he is going to Lingshan, "soul mountain," which can be found by the remote source of the You River. The writer has never heard of such a place, and he resolves to go there, but his fellow traveler can give him none but the vaguest directions. Thus begins a metaphoric odyssey into the hinterlands of China and the outlying Qiang, Miao and Yi districts that dangle on the fringes of Han Chinese civilization.
The writer is in search of the traditions that are hidden in rural China, and as he travels he encounters a parade of unforgettable characters who embody both vestiges of the past-Daoist masters, Buddhist monks, ancient calligraphers-and the modern culture that has surfaced since the revolution: small town communist cadres, budding entrepreneurs, independent young girls grappling with parochial repression. The two worlds exist uneasily as one, with stories and customs from centuries past colliding with a world of televisions, automobiles, and technology. All is permeated by the dark legacy of the Cultural Revolution, the encroachment of ecological damage, and the harsh monetary realities of everyday life in contemporary China.
SOUL MOUNTAIN is a dazzling work of the imagination, where classic fables merge with tales of modern cruelty and ancient philosophy does battle with existentialism. But Gao goes deeper still as he explores notions of the devastation of the self at the hands of social expectations. He continually shifts his narrative voice as the "I" of the writer becomes the "you" of an imagined companion, then the "she" of a woman companion. Yet all reflects back on the protagonist, who craves these two seemingly contradictory ends-the solitude necessary for nurturing the self and the anxiety-provoking warmth of human society.
Gao began this novel in the mid-eighties, then carried the manuscript with him when he fled China in 1987. Now living in Paris, he completed the book there in 1989. His writings continue to be banned in his native country. As Gao's work at last gains the public's attention here in the West, SOUL MOUNTAIN provides a dazzling introduction to the achievement of one of contemporary literature's acknowledged masters.
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三十
这著名的剧毒的新蛇，我早就听说过许多传闻，通常乡里人叫做五步龙，说是被它咬中的人畜，不出五步就得倒下毙命。也有说凡进入它待的地方五步之内，都难逃命。所谓强龙压不过地头蛇，这谚语的出处想必也来自于它。都说它不像别的毒蛇，那怕是眼镜蛇，虽也剧毒，毕竟容易让人惊觉，出击时，必先高高昂起头来，竖直身子，呼啸着，先要威吓住对方，人遇到也好防备，可以把手中的物件朝旁边扔去。即使空空两手，只要头上戴的帽子脚上穿的鞋甩将出去，乘它扑去的当口人转而溜了。可要碰上这新蛇，十之八九都来不及察觉就已经被它击中。
我在皖南山区还听到过对这该蛇的许多近乎神话的传说，说它能布阵，在它盘踞的周围，吐出比蜘蛛网还细的丝，散布在草茎上，活物一旦碰上，它就闪电一般立刻出击。无怪凡有额蛇的地方都流传种种咒语，据说默念可以防身，但山民对于外来的人是不传告的。山里人上山打柴通常得打上绑腿，或穿上高统的帆布扎成的山袜。那些难得进山去的县城里的人说得就更加可怕，他们告诫我，碰上这薪蛇，那伯穿的皮鞋都照样咬穿，务必带上蛇药，但通常的蛇药对斯蛇无效。
我从屯溪去安庆的公路上，经过石台，在汽车站边上的小吃摊子上遇到过一个断了手腕的农民，他说是被勒蛇咬了后自己砍掉的，恐怕是被新蛇咬伤而又活下来难得的一个。他戴了项通草编成礼帽式样的狭边软草帽，这种草帽通常是跑码头的农民才戴，戴这种草帽的农民大都见多识广。我在公路边搭的白布篷子下的面摊子上要了碗汤面，他就在我对面坐着，左手拿着筷子，右手腕只剩根肉柱子总在我眼前晃动，弄得我吃也吃木自在。我看准了他是可以搭话的，索性问他：
"老哥，你这碗面钱我一起付了，不妨碍的话，能不能告诉我你这个手怎么伤的？"
他便向我讲述了他亲身的经验。他说他上山去找把水的。
"找什么？"
"把木，吃了不嫉妒。我那老婆真要我命，连别的女人跟我讲句话都要掼碗，我去找把水给她熬碗汤喝。"
"这把木是个偏方？"我问。
"那里，"他嘿嘿笑了，那通草礼帽底下咧着一张包了颗金牙的大嘴，我才明白他在讲笑话。
他说他们老哥儿几个，去砍树烧炭，那时候还不像如今时兴做买卖，山里人要想弄点钱花多半烧炭。偷砍成材的树木倒卖生产队里管着，弄不奸犯法，他不做犯法的事。可烧炭也要会烧，他是专找那白皮的青桐栋，烧出的炭，都银灰色，敲着钢钢作响，可是经烧，一担钢炭可卖上两担的价。我由他侃去，横竖是一碗面钱。
他说他拿了砍刀，走在头里，哥儿几个还在下边抽烟谈笑。他刚弯下腰，就觉得一股阴森森凉气打脚板心升起，心想坏事了。他说，这人跟狗子一样，单个的狗只要一嗅到老巴子，也就是豹子的气味，就不敢往前再跑，吓得像猫样的呜呜直叫，他说他当时腿子跟着一软，不管多硬的汉子碰到了斯蛇，也就没命了。可不，他就看见了这东西盘在荆条底子一块石头上，灰不拉几一团，当中正昂起个头。说时迟那时快，他挥手就一砍刀，也只眨眼的功夫他手腕上一阵冰凉，像过了电浑身打了个寒嘤，眼前一阵墨黑，太阳都阴幽幽的，叫人心里发寒，风声鸟声虫子声，什么都听不见了，阴森森的天空颜色越来越深，太阳和树都发着寒光。他说就算他还有脑子，就算他来得快，就算他不该死，就算他命大，他左手接过砍刀，把右手腕一刀剁了下来，立马蹲下，用左手拇指捏住右肘上的血管。他说流出的血水落在石头上都滋滋冒气，顿时失去了血色，变成淡黄的泡沫。后来，几个老哥儿们把他抬回村里，他砍下的手腕也捡了回去，全发乌了，从指甲盖到皮肉，都乌紫病病。他剩下的半截手臂也已发黑，用尽了治蛇伤的各种中草药，才总算缓了过来。
我说："你可是够决断的。"
他说他要是稍许楞神，或是咬的部位再高那么寸把，他也就没命了。
"丢了个手腕子，拣了条命，这还有什么舍不得？连螳螂要脱不了身也会把钳子舍了。"
"这是虫子，"我说。
"虫子怎么的？人总不能不如虫子，那狐狸被下的弓子夹住脚，也有把腿咬断跑了的，人这东西不能精不过狐狸。"他把一张十块钱的票子拍在桌上，没要我付面钱。他说他现今跑买卖，不比我这样的念书人少挣。
我一路到处访这薪蛇，直到去梵净山路上，在一个叫闽孝或是叫石场的乡镇的收购站楼顶的晒场上，才见到了扎成一盘盘的斯蛇干。恰如唐人柳宗元所述，"黑质而白章"。这可是名贵的中药材，舒筋活血祛风湿散风寒的良药，高价收购，于是总有不要命的勇夫。
柳宗元把这东西说得比猛虎还可怕，他进而又谈到了苛政，更猛于虎。他身为刺史，我是一名百姓。他是土大夫，先天下之忧而忧，我满世界游荡，关心的只是自己的性命。
光见到这一盘盘制作好的蛇干还不够，我一心想找一条活的，学会辨认，好加以防备。
我一直到了这毒蛇的王国梵净山脚下，才见到两条，是自然保护区的一个监察站从进山来偷捕的人手里扣下来的，装在一个铁丝笼子里，正好可以端详。
它的学名叫尖吻煌蛇。两条都一公尺来长，不到小手腕那么粗，有一小段很细的尾消，身上是不很鲜明的灰褐和灰白相间的棱形花纹，所以又有个俗名叫棋盘蛇。外表并看不出有多大的凶恶之处，在山石上躺着无非像一团泥疙瘩。细看。它粗糙而无光泽的褐色的三角形头部，嘴尖有一片像钓子样翘起的吻鳞，一对可怜的毫无光彩的小眼，那种滑稽而贪婪的模样，让人想起戏曲中的丑角七品芝麻官。但它捕食并不靠眼睛，鼻眼之间有一个人肉眼无法观察到的颊窝，是它特有的温觉感受器官，对红外线特别敏感，可以测出周围三公尺以内的二十分之一度温差的变化，只要体温高于它的动物出现在它周围，就能跟踪并准确袭击。这是之后我去武夷山，自然保护区里一位研究蛇伤的专家告诉我的。
也就在我这一路上，这条流江的支流辰水的上游，尚未污染流量充沛的锦江，河水竟这样清澄。那些放牛的孩子在河中湖水，由急流冲下去，尖声叫着，直到几百公尺外的河滩上，人才打住，声音传来是那么清晰。公路下方，一个赤条条的年轻女人就在河边洗澡，见公路卜驰过的车辆，竟像白暨样站着，只扭动脖子，出神凝望。正午烈日下，水面上阳光耀眼。这一切同新蛇当然并没有什么关系。
