Soul Mountain (chinese)
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"Soul Mountain is one of those singular literary creations that seem impossible to compare with anything but themselves… In the writing of Gao Xingjian literature is born anew from the struggle of the individual to survive the history of the masses."
– from the citation of the Nobel Prize committee of the Swedish Academy
When this year's Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to Chinese expatriate novelist and playwright Gao Xingjian, few in the English-speaking West were familiar with his work. Gao's masterpiece, SOUL MOUNTAIN (PerfectBound, an e-book from HarperCollins; February 20, 2001; $19.95), is a dazzling kaleidoscope of fiction, philosophy, history and fable. Elegantly translated by Australian sinologist Mabel Lee, this richly textured autobiographical novel recounts a dual journey-a literal journey into the heart of China and a spiritual journey of the self.
When Gao was 43, he was incorrectly diagnosed with lung cancer. Resigned to death by the same means that had claimed his father just a few years before, Gao spent six weeks indulging his appetites and reading philosophy. The spot on Gao's lung mysteriously disappeared, but a new threat arose when rumors began to circulate that he was to be sent to a prison farm because of his controversial writings. No longer facing imminent death, the writer quickly left Beijing and disappeared into the remote forest regions of Sichuan, then spent five months wandering along the Yangtze River from its source down to the coast. Gao's 15,000 kilometer sojourn forms the geographic parameters of the fictional journey in SOUL MOUNTAIN.
While on a train at the start of his trip, the writer protagonist meets another traveler who says he is going to Lingshan, "soul mountain," which can be found by the remote source of the You River. The writer has never heard of such a place, and he resolves to go there, but his fellow traveler can give him none but the vaguest directions. Thus begins a metaphoric odyssey into the hinterlands of China and the outlying Qiang, Miao and Yi districts that dangle on the fringes of Han Chinese civilization.
The writer is in search of the traditions that are hidden in rural China, and as he travels he encounters a parade of unforgettable characters who embody both vestiges of the past-Daoist masters, Buddhist monks, ancient calligraphers-and the modern culture that has surfaced since the revolution: small town communist cadres, budding entrepreneurs, independent young girls grappling with parochial repression. The two worlds exist uneasily as one, with stories and customs from centuries past colliding with a world of televisions, automobiles, and technology. All is permeated by the dark legacy of the Cultural Revolution, the encroachment of ecological damage, and the harsh monetary realities of everyday life in contemporary China.
SOUL MOUNTAIN is a dazzling work of the imagination, where classic fables merge with tales of modern cruelty and ancient philosophy does battle with existentialism. But Gao goes deeper still as he explores notions of the devastation of the self at the hands of social expectations. He continually shifts his narrative voice as the "I" of the writer becomes the "you" of an imagined companion, then the "she" of a woman companion. Yet all reflects back on the protagonist, who craves these two seemingly contradictory ends-the solitude necessary for nurturing the self and the anxiety-provoking warmth of human society.
Gao began this novel in the mid-eighties, then carried the manuscript with him when he fled China in 1987. Now living in Paris, he completed the book there in 1989. His writings continue to be banned in his native country. As Gao's work at last gains the public's attention here in the West, SOUL MOUNTAIN provides a dazzling introduction to the achievement of one of contemporary literature's acknowledged masters.
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三十三
从江口县逆锦江的源流太平河而上，两岸山体越见雄奇。过了苗族、土家族和汉人杂居的盘溪寨，进入到自然保护区，葱葱郁郁的山峦开始收拢，河床变得狭窄而幽深。黑湾河监察站，一幢砖砌的二层小楼，座落在河湾的尽头。站长是一个高个子黑瘦的中年人，我见到的那两条活的新蛇就是他从外来偷捕的人手里扣下的。他说这河溪两岸野麻叶中靳蛇特别多。
"这是该蛇的王国，"他说。
我想多亏了新蛇，这片近乎原始的亚热带常绿阔叶林莽才保留至今。
他当过兵，又当过干部，到过许多地方，他说他现在哪里也不想去。前不久，他拒绝了公安局派出所所长的职务，也不愿到保护区的种植场去当场长，就在这里一个人看山，他看中了这山。
他说五年前还有老虎到村寨里偷牛吃，现在当然再也没有人见到虎的踪迹。去年，山民打死过一只豹子，他没收了送到县里保护区管理处去的。骨架子用砒霜泡过，制成了标本，锁在标本室里，竟然被人偷走了，据分析是从水管子爬窗户进去的，要是再当成虎骨卖了泡酒，喝了那可就长寿了。
他说他不是生态保护主义者，他做不了研究，只是个看山人，在保护区里修了这么个监察站就留下不走了。他这小楼上有几间房，可以接待各地来的专家学者，做调查也好，采集标本也好，他都提供方便。
"长年在这山里你不觉得寂寞？"我见他没有家小，问。
"女人是很麻烦的事。"
他于是又讲到，他当兵的时候，文化革命中，女人也跟着胡闹，有个十九岁的姑娘，曾经参加民兵训练，当过省里的特等射手，武斗中跟着一派上了山，把围剿的战士，一枪一个，一连撂倒了五个，连长急了，叫抓活的。后来她子弹打光了，被抓住剥个精光，叫一个战士一梭子冲锋枪从阴道里打过去，打个稀巴烂。他也在小煤矿上待过，当过管人事的干部，矿工们为个女人火讲，白刀子进，红刀子出，那为女人闹出的一般纠纷就多了。他也有过老婆，分手了，也不打算再娶。
"你可以来这里住下写书，一起还好喝酒。我每顿饭都喝，不多，但都得喝点。"
一个农民从门前河湾的独木桥上经过，手上拎一串小鱼。他招呼了一声，说有客人来了，要了过来。
"我给你做麻辣小鱼吃，正好下酒。"
他说要吃新鲜肉也可以叫农民赶集的时候捎来。离这里二十里路最近的寨子有家小铺，还能买到烟酒。豆腐更时常吃到，哪家农民做豆腐总有他一份。他还养了些鸡，鸡和鸡蛋都木成问题。正午，我便同他在青山下，就麻辣鱼和他蒸的一碗成肉喝酒。我说：
"这可是神仙过的日子。"
"神仙不神仙，反正清静，没那么多烦心事缠人。我事情也简单，这上山只有一条路，都在我眼皮子底下，尽到我看山的责任就是了。"
我从县里来就听说他这黑湾河管区最好，我想也因为他这种淡泊的人生态度。用他的话说，他同这里的农民都玩得来。每年开春，有个老农总要送他一包干草根。"你进山的时候嚼一段在嘴里，蛇就避开你。这里的斯蛇可是要人命的。"说着，他起身到房里拿来了一个草纸包，打开递给我一支褐色的草根。我问是什么草，他说他不知道，他也不问。这是山里人祖传的秘方，他们有他们的规矩。
他说从这里上主峰金顶转一转，来回得打上三天。带上米、油、盐，再弄点豆腐蔬菜和鸡蛋。在山上过夜只能睡在山洞里，洞里还留有给前些时来科学考察的人员用的几床棉被，可以御寒。山上风大，很冷。他说他去村里看看，找到个人的话今天就可以上山。他过到独木桥那边去了。
我随后也到河湾边转转。浅滩上河水活泼，阳光下清明晶亮，背阴处则幽黑而平静，又透出几分险恶。岸边树林子和草莽都过于茂盛，葱郁得发黑，有种慑人的阴湿气息，想必是蛇们活跃的地方。我从独木桥又过到对岸，林子后面有个五六户人家的小村寨，全是高大老旧的木屋，墙板和梁柱呈黑锈色，可能是这里雨水过于充沛的缘故。
村里清寂，没有一点人声。屋门一律洞开，横梁以上没有遮栏，堆满干草、农具和木竹。我正想进人家里去看看，突然一只灰黑毛色相杂的狼狗窜了出来，凶猛叫着，直扑过来。我连忙后退，只好回到独木桥这边来，一面仰望着监察站这幢小楼后面阳光中青灰色的庞大的山体。
我背后传来女人的嘻笑声，回头见一个女人从独木桥上过来，手里舞弄一根扁担，扁担上竟然缠绕着一条足有五六尺长的大蛇，尾巴还在蠕动。她显然在招呼我，我走近河边，才听清她问的是：
"喂，买蛇不买？"
她毫不在乎，笑嘻嘻的，一只手扣住蛇的七寸，一手拿扁担挑住盘绕扭动的蛇身，朝我来了。幸亏站长及时出现，在河那边，朝她大声呵斥：
"回去！听到没有？快回去！
这女人才无奈退回到独木桥那边，乖乖走了。
"疯疯癫癫的，这婆娘，见外来的生人总要弄出些名堂，"他对我说。
他告诉我他找到了一个农民替我当脚力和向导，先要安排一下他自己屋里的事，再准备好几天的米和菜。我尽可以先走，那向导随后就来，山里人走惯了山路，挑上箩筐一会就能撵上。这上山只一条道，错不了的，前面七八里处有个早先开发过一半又作废了的铜矿场，如果还不见来人，我可以在那里先歇一会。他还叫我把背包也留下，那农民会替我挑去，又给我一根棍子，说是上山时省些力气，还可以赶蛇，并且嘱咐我嘴里嚼一段他给我的那干草根，我便同他告别。他留个平顶头，面孔黑瘦，满脸胡子渣，向我挥挥手，转身进屋去了。
如今，我不免怀念他，他那实实在在淡泊的人生态度，还有那郁黑的河湾的独木桥那边，那村寨里黑锈色的木屋，那凶狠的毛色灰黑的狼狗，那挑着扁担玩蛇的疯疯癫癫的女人，似乎都向我暗示些什么，就像那小楼后苍莽庞大的山体，我以为总有更多的意味，我永远也无法透彻理解。
