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Новая книга Самюэля Хантингтона посвящена анализу ключевой для современного общественного сознания проблемы - определения идентичности. Приоритет общенационального самосознания особенно важен для страны, которую принято называть «плавильным тиглем народов», - Соединенных Штатов Америки. Однако сегодня в США набирают силу дезинтеграционные процессы, ставящие под сомнение сам факт дальнейшего существования феномена американской идентичности. Америка, как убедительно доказывает профессор Хантингтон, находится на переломе - и от того, в какую сторону в конце концов качнется маятник, зависит будущее не только Соединенных Штатов, но и всей мировой системы в целом.
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(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 8-9; Sarah V. Wayland, "Citizenship and Incorporation: How Nation-States Respond to the Challenges of Migration", Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 20 (Summer/Fall 1996), p. 39; Irene Bloemraad, "The North American Naturalization Gap: An Institutional Approach to Citizenship Acquisition in the United States and Canada", International Migration Review, 36 (Spring 2002), p. 193-228, especially p. 209, and "A Macro-Institutional Approach to Immigrant Political Incorporation: Comparing the Naturalization Rates and Processes of Portuguese Immigrants in the US and Canada" (paper, annual meeting, American Sociological Association, August 1999, Chicago).
357 Maria Jiminez, quoted in New York Times, 13 September 1996, p. A16; Jones-Correa Between Two Nations, p. 200.
358 Immigration and Naturalization Service release, Boston Globe, 17 July 2002, p. A3.
359 Spiro, "Questioning Barriers to Naturalization", p. 492, 518.
360 Schuck and Smith, Citizenship Without Consent, p. 108.
361 Carens, "Why Naturalization Should Be Easy", p. 146.
362 Mary С Waters, Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), p. 94.
363 David M. Kennedy, "Can We Still Afford to Be a Nation of Immigrants?" Atlantic Monthly, 278 (November 1996), p. 67.
364 Roger Daniels, Coming to America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life (New York: HarperCollins, 1990), p. 129, 146.
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365 Campbell J. Gibson and Emily Lennon, "Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States 1850-1990" (Population Division Working Paper No. 29, U.S. Census Bureau, February 1999), Table 3; U.S. Census Bureau, March 2000 Current Population Survey, Profile of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States 2000 (PPL-145, 2001), Tables 1-1,3-1,3-2, 3-3, and 3-4.
366 The Economist, 24 August 2002, p. 21-22; U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, 2002 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (Washington, forthcoming, 2003), Table 2; New York Times, 19 June 2003, p. A22.
367 Mark Krikorian, "Will Americanization Work in America?" Freedom Review, 28 (Fall 1997), p. 48-49.
368 Barry Edmonston and Jeffrey S. Passel, "Ethnic Demography: U.S. Immigration and Ethnic Variations", in Edmonston and Passell, eds., Immigration and Ethnicity: The Integration of America's Newest Arrivals (Washington: Urban Institute Press, 1994), p. 8.
369 The Economist, 20 May 1995, p. 29; New York Times, 3 June 1995, p. B2; Immigration and Naturalization Service study, reported in New York Times, 8 February 1997, p. 9; INS study, reported in Boston Globe, 1 February 2003, p. A8; Census Bureau figure reported in Washington Post, 25 October 2001, p. A 24.
370 Michael Fix and Wendy Zimmermann, "After Arrival: An Overview of Federal Immigrant Policy in the United States", in Edmonston and Passel, eds., Immigration and Ethnicity, p. 257-58; Frank D. Bean et al., "Educational and Sociodemographic Incorporation Among Hispanic Immigrants to the United States", in Edmonston and Passell, eds., Immigration and Ethnicity, p. 80-82; George J. Borjas, Heaven's Door: Immigration Policy and the American Economy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), p. 118; "U. S. Survey", The Economist, 11 March 2000, p. 12; New York Times, 1 February 2000, p. A12; The Economist, 18 May 1996, p. 29.
371 Frank D. Bean, Jorge Chapa, Ruth R. Berg, and Kathryn A. Sowards, "Educational and Sociodemographic Incorporation Among Hispanic Immigrants to the United
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States", in Edmonston and Passel, eds., Immigration and Ethnicity, p. 80-82; "US Survey", The Economist, p. 12; James Sterngold, "A Citizenship Incubator for Immigrant Latinos", New York Times, 1 February 2000, p. A12; "Where Salsa Meets Burger", The Economist, 18 May 1996, p. 29.
372 "US Survey", The Economist, p. 15, citing Los Angeles Times; Abraham F. Lowenthal and Katrina Burgess, eds., The California-Mexico Connection (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993), p. 256; New York Times, 17 February 2003, p. A13.
373 Kennedy, "Can We Still Afford to Be a Nation of Immigrants?" p. 68.
374 Summary of Mexican report in David Simcox, Backgrounder: Another 50 Years of Mass Mexican Immigration (Washington, D. C: Center for Immigration Studies, March 2002).
375 Myron Weiner, The Global Migration Crisis: Challenge to States and to Human Rights (New York: HarperCollins, 1995), p. 21ff.; David M. Heer, Immigration in America's Future: Social Science Findings and the Policy Debate (Boulder: Westview Press, 1996), p. 147.
376 Edmonston and Passel, "Ethnic Demography",, p. 21; Mark Falcoff, Beyond Bilingualism (Washington, D. C: American Enterprise Institute, On the Issues Release, August 1996), p. 4.
377 Peter Skerry, Mexican Americans: The Ambivalent Minority (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993), p. 289 also p. 21-22.
378 Terrence W. Haverluk, "Hispanic Community Types and Assimilation in Мех-America", Professional Geographer, 50 (November 1998), p. 465-71.
379 Stephen Steinberg, The Ethnic Myth: Race, Ethnicity, and Class in America (New York: Atheneum, 1981), p. 45-46.
380 Tech Paper 29, Table 5. Language Spoken at Home for the Foreign-Born Population 5 Years and Over: 1980 and 1990, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 9 March 1999; We the American Foreign Born, U.S. Bureau of the Census, September 1993, p. 6; Census Bureau figures reported in The Herald (Miami), 6 August 2002, p. 4A.
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381 Heer, Immigration in America's Future, p. 197-98.
382 Skerry, Mexican Americans: The Ambivalent Minority, p. 286, 289.
383 Washington Post Weekly Edition 1-14 July 02, p. 13.
384 Census Bureau, We the American Foreign Born, p. 6.
385 U.S. Census Bureau, Profile of the Foreign-Born Population of the United States 2000 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 2001), p. 37; Bean et al., "Educational and Sociodemographic Incorporation p. 79, 81, 83, 93; Lindsay Lowell and Roberto Suro, The Improving Educational Profile of Latino Immigrants (Washington: Pew Hispanic Center, 4 December 2002), p. 1.
386 James P. Smith, "Assimilation across the Latino Generations", American Economic Review, 93 (May 2003), p. 315-19. Я очень благодарен Джеймсу Перри за помощь в анализе данных Смита.
387 Washington Post Weekly Edition, 10 August 1998, p. 33; Bean et al., "Educational and Sociodemographic Incorporation", p. 94-95. American Council on Education, Minorities in Higher Education 19th annual report, 1999— 2000, reported in Boston Globe, 23 Sept 02, p. A3; William H. Frey, "Chanticle", Milken Institute Review, (3rd quarter, 2002), p. 7.
388 Census Bureau, We the American Foreign Born, p. 7.
389 M. Patricia Fernandez Kelly and Richard Schauffler, "Divided Fates: Immigrant Children and the New Assimilation", in Alejandro Portes, ed., The New Second Generation (New York: The Russell Sage Foundation,
1996), p. 48.
390 Robert W. Fairlie and Bruce D. Meyer, "Ethnic and Racial Self-Employment Differences and Possible Explanations", Journal of Human Resources, 31 (September 1996), p. 772-3, citing 1990 census data.
