The Art of War (chinese)
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(Chinese: ????) is a Chinese military treatise written during the 6th century BC by Sun Tzu. Composed of 13 chapters, each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare, it has long been praised as the definitive work on military strategies and tactics of its time.The Art of War is one of the oldest books on military strategy in the world. Like a work of mathematics or science, much of the work is dedicated to defining its concepts in what has been described as a series of formulas. It is the first and one of the most successful works on strategy and has had a huge influence on Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, and beyond. Sun Tzu was the first to recognize the importance of positioning in strategy and that position is affected both by objective conditions in the physical environment and the subjective opinions of competitive actors in that environment. He taught that strategy was not planning in the sense of working through a to-do list, instead it requires quickly responding appropriately to changing conditions. Planning works in a controlled environment, but in a competitive environment, competing plans collide creating situations that no one plans.The book was first translated into a European language in 1782 by French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, and had possibly influenced Napoleon, and even the planning of Operation Desert Storm. Leaders as diverse as Mao Zedong, General Pervez Musharraf, Vo Nguyen Giap, and General Douglas MacArthur have claimed to have drawn inspiration from the work.The Art of War has also been applied, with much success, to business and managerial strategies.
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12 火攻第十二
孫子曰：凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火積，三曰火輜，四曰火庫，五曰火隊。行火必有因，因必素具。發火有時，起火有日。時者，天之燥也。日者，月在 箕、壁、翼、軫也。凡此四宿者，風起之日也。凡火攻，必因五火之變而應之：火發於內，則早應之於外；火發而其兵靜者，待而勿攻，極其火力，可從而從之，不 可從則上。火可發於外，無待於內，以時發之，火發上風，無攻下風，晝風久，夜風止。凡軍必知五火之變，以數守之。故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者強。水可以 絕，不可以奪。夫戰勝攻取而不惰其功者凶，命曰“費留”。故曰：明主慮之，良將惰之，非利不動，非得不用，非危不戰。主不可以怒而興師，將不可以慍而攻 戰。合於利而動，不合於利而上。怒可以複喜，慍可以複說，亡國不可以複存，死者不可以複生。故明主慎之，良將警之。此安國全軍之道也。
13 用間第十三
孫子曰： 凡興師十萬，出征千里，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金，內外騷動，怠於道路，不得操事者，七十萬家。相守數年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵之情 者，不仁之至也，非民之將也，非主之佐也，非勝之主也。故 明 君賢將所以動而勝人，成功出於眾者，先知也。先知者，不可取於鬼神，不可象於事，不可驗於度， 必取於人，知敵之情者也。故用間有五：有因間，有內間，有反間，有死間，有生間。五間俱起，莫知其道，是謂神紀，人君之寶也。鄉間者，因其鄉人而用之；內 間者，因其官人而用之；反間者，因其敵間而用之；死間者，為誑事於外，令吾聞知之而傳於敵間也；生間者，反報也。故三軍之事，莫親於間，賞莫厚於間，事莫 密於間，非聖賢不能用間，非仁義不能使間，非微妙不能得間之實。微哉微哉！無所不用間也。間事未發而先聞者，間與所告者兼死。凡軍之所欲擊，城之所欲攻， 人之所欲殺，必先知其守將、左右、謁者、門者、舍人之姓名，令吾間必索知之。敵間之來間我者，因而利之，導而舍之，故反間可得而用也；因是而知之，故鄉 間、內間可得而使也；因是而知之，故死間為誑事，可使告敵；因是而知之，故生間可使如期。五間之事，主必知之，知之必在於反間，故反間不可不厚也。昔殷之 興也，伊摯在夏；周之興也，呂牙在殷。故 明 君賢將，能以上智為間者，必成大功。此兵之要，三軍之所恃而動也。
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