На исходе дня. История ночи
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Книга известного американского ученого А. Роджера Экерча "Ha исходе дня. История ночи" перевернула представления человека о темном времени суток. Казалось бы, что может случиться с людьми после заката солнца, когда они отдыхают или спят? Но по убеждению автора, именно ночью происходит много интересного, таинственного и забавного. Ночь — это убежище от обыденности, пора влюбленных, время действий добрых и злых сил. Кто-то отправляется развлекаться на балы и маскарады, кто-то спешит в таверну или кабачок, а кое-кто предпочитает посвящать ночные часы усердной молитве. Под покровом тьмы совершаются и различные преступления — от мелких краж до жестоких убийств. При свете свечей проводят собрания члены тайных обществ и сект. Ночью занимаются сексом, болеют, рассказывают страшные истории, делают записи в дневнике, сочиняют книги, мечтают… Автор подробно описывает ночную жизнь людей разных сословий в странах Европы и Америки в период с XVI и до середины XIX века, когда в мир пришло искусственное освещение, прорезавшее ночную тьму. Наряду с документальными текстами исследователь приводит немало захватывающих, пугающих и комических историй, оставшихся в памяти нескольких поколений.
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55. Herbert, Jaculum Prudentium or Outlandish Proverbs… (London, 1651), 54.
56. Jean Carbonnier, Flexible Droit: Textes Pour une Sociologie de Droit sans Rigueur (Paris, 1976), 46–51.
57. S. P. Scott, ed. and trans., The Civil Law. Including the Twelve Tables… (New York, 1973), 1, 58; Crusius, Node, ch. 7.3, 7 passim, 13.6, 15.3; Ripae, Nodunro Tempore, passim; Nina Gockerell, "Telling Tune without a Clock," in Maurice and Mayr, eds., Clockwork Universe, 137.
58. Matthew Hale, Historia Placitorum Coronae: The History of the Pleas of the Crown (1736; rpt. edn., London, 1971), 1, 547; David H. Flaherty, Privacy in Colonial New England (Charlottesville, Va., 1972), 88; Matthew Bacon and Henry Gwillim, A New Abridgement of the Law (London, 1807), 11,346.
59. Legg, Low-Life, 101.
60. Ripae, Nodurno Tempore, ch. 91.11; DUR, Dec. 23, 1785; Tommaso Astarita, Village Justice: Community, Family, and Popular Culture in Early Modern Italy (Baltimore, 1999), 153–154; Patricia H. Labalme, "Sodomy and Venetian Justice in the Renaissance," Legal History Review 52 (1984), 221–222; Samuel Cohn, "Criminality and the State in Renaissance Florence, 1344–1466," JSH 14 (1980), 222; Guido Ruggiero, Violence in Early Renaissance Venice (New Brunswick, N. J., 1980), 6,19; Matthiessen, Natten, 137; Aug. 17,1497, Landucci, ed., Florentine Diary, trans. Jervis, 125–126.
61. Bowsky, "Medieval Commune," 4; Ripae, Nodurno Tempore, ch. 24:3, passim; JRAI, I and II, passim; High Court of Justiciary, Small Papers, Main Series, JC 26/42—43, passim, Scottish Record Office, Edinburgh; Julius R. Ruff, Crime, Justice and Public Order in Old Regime France: The Sénéchaussées of Libourne and Bazas, 1696–1789 (London, 1984), 115; Matthiessen, Natten, 129.
