Становление Европы. Экспансия, колонизация, изменения в сфере культуры (950—1350 гг.)

54 Julio Gonzalez, El reino de Castillo en la epoca de Alfonso VIII (3 vols., Madrid, 1960) 3, no. 705, pp. 247—9 (1201); Emilio Saez (ed.), ‘Fueros de Puebla de Alcocer у Yebenes’, Anuario de bistorta del derecho espanol 18 (1947), pp. 432—41, at p. 435; Julio Gonzalez, Repoblacion de Castillo la Nueva (2 vols., Madrid, 1975—6) 2, p. 350, n. 169.

55 Fulcher of Chartres, Historic Hierosolymitana 1.34, ed. Heinrich Hagenmeyer (Heidelberg, 1913), p. 342.

56 Chronicon Livoniae 1.5-9, 9.3, 15.3 , 10.8 , 15.3 , 10.12, 23.8, 14.11, 10.12, 26.3, 27.3, 28.3;, 11.8, 12.1, 27.3, 28.3, ed. Leonid Arbusow and Albert

356

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357

Bauer (АО 24, Darmstadt, 1959), pp. 4—6, 38, 134, 54, 132, 58, 242, 126, 60, 282, 298, 304, 80, 84, 296, 304. Приведенные географические названия — Uxkiill, Mesoten, Fellin, Oesel и Warbole — это современные латвийские и эстонские города IkSkile, Meiotne, VHjandi, Saaremaa и Varbola.

57 Gesta Stephani, ed. K.R. Potter and R.H.C. Davis (Oxford, 1976), p. 14.

58 Brut у Tywysogyon, или The Chronicle of the Princes: Red Book of Hergest Version, ed. and tr. Thomas Jones (Cardiff, 1955), pp. 71—3.

59 Giolla Brighde Mac Con Midhe, Poems, ed. and tr. N.JA Williams (Irish Texts Society 51, Dublin, 1980) XIII, 20, p. 141.

60 Annals of Loch Сё, ed. and tr. William M. Hennessy (2 vols., RS, 1871), 1, p. 389.

61 History of Gruffydd ap Cynan, ed. and tr. Arthur Jones (Manchester, 1910), p. 133.

62 Brut у Tywysogyon, ed. Jones, pp. 175, 177; Gerald of Wales, Itinerarium Kambriae, 2.6, ed. Brewer et al., p. 123; Richard A vent, Cestyll Tywysogion Gwynedd / Castles of the Princes of Gwynedd (Cardiff, 1983), p. 7.

63 Song of Dermot and the Earl, 666—70, ed. and tr. Goddard H. Orpen (Oxford, 1892), p. 50.

64 Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), Descriptio Kambriae 2.8, in J.S. Brewer, J.F, Dimock and G.F. Warner (eds.). Opera (8 vols., RS, 1861— 91) 6, pp. 153—227, at pp. 220—21; idem, Expugnatio Hibemica 2.38, ed. AB. Scott and F.X. Martin (Dublin, 1978), pp. 246—8; John of Salisbury, Policmticus 6.6, 16, ed. C.C.J. Webb (2 vols., Oxford, 1909), 2, pp. 18, 42— 4; Callus Anonymus, Chronicon 1.25; 3.23, ed. K. Maleczynski, MPH, n.s., 2 (Cracow, 1952), pp. 50, 152.

65 Matthew Paris, Chronica majora, ed. Luard, 5, p. 550.

66 Symeon of Durham, Historia regum, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 1882-5), 2, pp. 3—283, at pp. 191—2.

67 Turgot, Vita sancti Margaretae reginae, ed. James Raine in Symeonis Dunelmensis opera et collectanea 1, ed. J. Hodgson Hinde (Surtees Society 51, 1868), pp. 234—54, at p. 247.

68 Symeon of Durham (attrib.). De miraculis et translationibus sancti Cuthberti 10, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 1882-5), 1, pp. 229—61; 2, pp. 333—62, at 2, p. 339.

69 Symeon of Durham, Historia regum, ed. Arnold, 2, p. 190.

70 Aelred of Rievaulx, De sanctis ecclestae Haugustaldensis, ed. James Raine in The Priory of Hexham (2 vols., Surtees Society 44, 46, 1864—5) 1, pp. 172—203, at p. 178; cf. Symeon of Durham, Historia regum, ed. Arnold, 2, pp. 36—7.

71 Symeon of Durham, De miraculis … sancti Cuthberti 10, ed. Arnold, 2, p. 339.

72 Gerald of Wales, Topographic Hibemica 2.54, ed. Brewer et al,, p. 137; C.L. Salch, ‘La protection symbolique de la porte au Moyen Age dans les chateaux-forts alsaciens’, in Hommage d Genevieve Chewier et Alain Ceslan: Etudes medievales (Strasbourg, 1975), pp. 39—44.

73 Symeon of Durham, Historia regum, ed. Arnold, 2, pp. 199—200; ibid., p. 211; Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, s.a, 1092, ed. C. Plummer and J. Earle, Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel (2 vols., Oxford, 1892—9) 1, p. 227; Symeon of Durham’s continuator, Historia Dunelmensis ecclesiae, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 1882—5), 1, pp. 135—60, at 1, p. 140.

74 Geoffrey Barrow, The Anglo-Norman Era in Scottish History (Oxford, 1980); idem. Kingship and Unity: Scotland 1000—1306 (London, 1981), chapter 3; AAM. Duncan, Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom (Edinburgh, 1975), chapters 6—8; RL.G. Ritchie, TTie Normans m Scotland (Edinburgh,

1954).

75 Early Scottish Charters prior to П53, ed. Archibald C. Lawrie (Glasgow, 1905), no. 54, pp. 48—9.

76 ]ohn of Hexham, Historia, in Symeonis monachi opera omnia, ed. Thomas Arnold (2 vols., RS, 1882—5), 2, pp. 284—332, at p. 290.

77 Richard of Hexham, Historia, ed. Richard Hewlett in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard 1 (4 vols., RS, 1884—9) 3, pp, 137—78,at pp. 156—7.

78 Aelred of Rievaulx, Relatio de Standardo, ed, Hewlett, ibid., pp. 179—99, at pp. 187—8.

79 О вылазках из замков см,: Richard of Hexham, Historia, ed. Hewlett, p. 157; John of Hexham, Historia, ed. Arnold, p. 291.

80 John of Hexham, Historia, ed. Arnold, p. 289,

81 Richard of Hexham, Historia, ed. Arnold, p. 145.

82 Aelred of Rievaulx, Relatio, ed. Hewlett, pp. 189—98. Выражение незащищенные и голые взято из: Henry of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum, ed. Thomas Arnold (RS, 1879), p. 263.

83 Jordan Fantosme, Chronicle, 640-41, 266, 1242-9, 1766, 1828, 1858-67, ed, and tr. R.C. Johnston (Oxford, 1981), pp. 48, 20, 92—4, 132, 136,

138.

84 William of Newburgh, Historia rerum Anglicanim 2.33, ed. Richard Hewlett in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard 1 (4 vols., RS, 1884—9) 1—2, at 1, p. 184.

85 См.: Gesfa regis Heruici secundi Benedicii abbatis, ed. William Stubbs (2 vols., RS, 1867), 1, pp. 67—8.

86 См.: Annals of Furess, ed. Richard Howlett in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I (4 vols., RS, 1884—9) 2, pp. 503— 83,‘at pp. 570—71.

87 Saxo Grammaticus, Gesta Danorum 13.9.6, ed. J, Olrik and H. Raeder (2 vols., Copenhagen, 1931-57), 1, pp. 361—2; см. также примечания Э. Кристиансена: Saxo, Danorum regum heroumaue historia, Books X—XVI (3 vols., British Archaeological Reports, International Series 84, 118/1—2, Oxford, 1980—81) 1, pp. 322—3, n. 84; Annales Erphesfurdenses Lothariani, ed. Oswald Holder-Egger, Monumenta Erphesfurtensia (SRC, Hanover and Leipzig, 1899), pp. 34—44, at p. 40. См. также: Lucien Musset, ‘Problemes militaires du monde scandinave (Vile—Xlle s.)’, in Ordinamenti militari in Occidente nell’alto medioevo (Settimane di studio del Centra italiano di

358

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359

studi sull’alto medioevo 15, 2 vols., Spoleto, 1968) 1, pp. 229—91, at pp. 288—90.

88 См.: S.U. Palme, ‘Les impots, le Statut d’Alsno et la formation des or-dres en Suede (1250—1350)’, in R Mousnier (ed.), Problemes de stratification sociale (Paris, 1968), pp. 55—66.

89 Karl Barteis, Deutsche Krieger in polnischen Diensten von Misika I. bis Kasimir dem Grossen, c. 963—1370 (Berlin, 1922); K. Schunemann, Die Deutsche in Ungam bis zum 12. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 1923); Benedykt Zientara, ‘Die deutschen Einwanderer in Polen vom 12. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert’, in Walter Schlesinger (ed.), Die deutsche Ostsiedlung des Mittelalters als Problem der europaischen Geschichte (Vortrage und Forschungen 18, Sigmaringen, 1975), pp. 333—48. He все такие гости были немцами; см.: Н. Gockenjan, Hilfsvolker und Grenzwachter in mittelalterlichen Ungam (Wiesbaden, 1972).

90 Libellus de institutione morum, ed. J. Balogh, Scriptores rerum Hungaricarum 2 (Budapest, 1938), pp. 611—27, at p. 625.

Глава 4

1 Eleanor Knott, Irish Classical Poetry (Irish Life and Culture 6, Dublin, 1957), p. 59, цит. из Maol Seachluinn О Huiginn.

2 Geoffrey Malaterra, De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius, ed. Ernesto Pontieri (Rerum italicarum scriptores, n.s., 5/1, Bologna, 1928); William of Apulia, La geste de Robert Cuiscard, ed. Marguerite Mathieu (Palermo, 1961); Amatus of Montecassino, Storia de’ Normanni, ed. Vincenzo de Bartholomaeis (Fonti per la storia d’Ralia 76, Rome, 1935).