Нейромания. Как мы теряем разум в эпоху расцвета науки о мозге

Артур Брукс, президент Вашингтонского экспертно-аналитического центра American Enterprise Institute, курировал всю ту многообразную интеллектуальную среду, которая позволила нашим идеям, не политическим и даже не политически ориентированным, воплотиться в виде

книги.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

   (1) “Research into Brain’s ‘God Spot’ Reveals Areas of Brain Involved in Religious Belief’, Daily Mail, March 10, 2009, http://www.dailymail.co.u/sci- encetech/article-1160904/Research-brains-God-spot-reveals-areas-brain- involved-religious-belief.html; Susan Brink, “Brains in Love”, Los Angeles Times, July 30, 2007, http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jul/30/health/ he-attraction30; Gabrielle LeBlanc, “This Is Your Brain on Happiness”, Oprah Magazine, March 2008, http://psyphz.psych.wisc.edu/web/News/ OprahMar2008.pdf; Matt Danzico, “Brains of Buddhist Monks Scanned in Meditation Study”, BBC, April 23, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/ world-us-canada-12661646; “Addiction, Bad Habits Can ‘Hijack’ the Brain”, ABC News, January 31, 2012, http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/MindMood- News/addictions-hardwired-brai n/story?id = 9699738; Alice Park, “The Brain: Marketing to Your Mind”, Time, January 29, 2007, http://www.time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1580370-1,00.html; Chris Arnold,

“Madoff s Alleged Ponzi Scheme Scams Smart Money”, NPR, December 6, 2008, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php7storyId=9832103 7 (финансовое фиаско Берни Мэдоффа); Sharon Begley, “Money Brain: The New Science Behind Your Spending Addiction”, Newsweek, October 30, 2011, 2012, http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/10/30/ the-new-science-behind-your-spending-addiction.html (захватывающий триллер о пороге американского государственного долга в 2011 году); “You Love Your iPhone. Literally”, New York Times, September 30, 2011, http://www.nytimes.eom/2011/10/01/opinion/yo u-love-your-iphone-lit- erally.htm l (любовь к iPhone-ам); Christine Morgan, “Addicted to Thrills: Why We Love Scary Movies”, Daily Mail, July 3, 2011, http:/ /www.mydai- ly.co.uk/2011/03/07/why-some-people-are-thrill-seeker s/( npHCTpacTHe

к фильмам ужасов); David J. Linden, “Anthony Weiner, Straus-Kahn, Arnold Schwarzenegger: Are They Just Bad Boy Politicians or Is It Their DNA?”, Huffington Post, June 14, 2011, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-j- linden/notorious-politicans_b_876428.html #s291507 & title=Anthony_ Weiner (сексуальная неразборчивость политиков); Chris Mooney, The Republican Brain: The Science of Why They Deny Science — and Reality (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2012) (непризнание консерваторами глобального потепления); и C.R. Harrington et al., “Activation of the Mesostriatal Reward Pathway with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) vs. Sham UVR in Frequent Tanners: A Pilot Study”, Addiction Biology 3 (2011): 680-686.

   (2) Документальную информацию о статусе и росте нейроэкономики можно найти также в: Josh Fischman, “The Marketplace in Your Brain”, The Chronicle Review, September 24, 2012, http://chronicle.com/article/ The-Marketplace-in-Your-Brain/134524/; “What Is Neurohistory”, нейроистория, http://www.neurohistory.ucla.edu/neurohistory-web-about. Что примечательно, нейромузыковедение породило интересные теоретические труды. О богатой перспективе взаимодействия нейронауки и музыки можно прочесть в работе: Daniel Levitin, This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession (New York: Dutton, 2006). Виртуозный синтез представлен в: Eric R. Kandel, The Age of Insight: The Quest to Understand the Unconscious in Art, Mind, and Brain, from Vienna 1900 to the Present (New York: Random House, 2012). См. также: Uri Hasson et al., “Neurocinematics: The Neuroscience of Film”, Projections 2, no. 1 (2008): 1-26, http://www.cns.nyu.edu/~nava/MyPubs / Hasson-etal_Neuro Cinematics2008.pdf. Paul M. Matthews and Jeffrey Mc- Quain, The Bard on the Brain: Understanding the Mind Through the Art of Shakespeare and the Science of Brain Imaging (New York: Dana Press, 2003); Patricia Cohen, “Next Big Thing in English: Knowing They Know That You Know”, New York Times, March 31, 2010, http://www.nytimes. com/2010/04/01/books/011it.html?pagewanted=all; и Paul Harris and Alison Flood, “Literary Critics Scan the Brain to Find Out Why We Love to

Read”, Guardian, April 11, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/scienc/2010/ арг/11/brain-scans-probe-books-imagination. Дискуссию по поводу конкурирующих взглядов на ценность «нейролита» можно найти в работе: Roger Scruton, “Brain Drain: Neuroscience Wants to Be the Answer to Everything — It Isn’t”, Spectator, March 17, 2012, http://www.spectator. co.uk/essays all/7714533/brain-drain.thtml; “Can Neuro-Lit Save the Humanities?”, Room for Debate, New York Times, April 5, 2012, http://room- fordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/05/can-neuro-lit-crit-save-the-hu- ma nities/; и Alva Иоё, “Art and the Limit of Neuroscience”, Opinionator, New York Times, December 4, 2011, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes. com/2011/12/04/art-and-the-limits-of-neuroscience/?pagemode=print.

   (3) О мозге как культурном артефакте см., например: Olivia Solon, “3D-Printed Brain Scan Just One Exhibit at London ‘Bio-Art’ Show”, Wired, July 20, 2011, http://www.wired.co.uk/n ews/archive/2011-07/20/art- science-gv-gallery; Bill Harbaugh, “Bachy’s Figured Maple Brains”, личный веб-сайт, http://harbaugh.uoregon.edu/Brain/Bachy/index.htm; и Sara Asnagi, “What Have You Got in Your Head? Human Brains Made with Different Foods”, Behance, August 1, 2012, http://www.behance.net/gallery/ What-have-you-got-in-your-head/614949. Культурный анализ метода нейровизуализации, называемого позитронно-эмиссионной томографией, см.: Joseph Dumit, Picturing Personhood: Brain Scans and Biomedical Identity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003). См. также: Tom Wolfe, I Am Charlotte Simmons (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2004), 392; Ian Mc-Ewan, Saturday (New York: Nan A. Talese, 2005); и A.S. Byatt, “Observe the Neurones: Between, Below, Above John Donne”, Times Literary Supplement, September 22, 2006. Цитата об Энди Уорхоле взята из Jonah Lehrer, “The Rhetoric of Neuroscience”, Wired, August 11, 2011, http://www.wired com/wiredscience/2011/08/the-rhetoric-of-neuroscience/. Лерер был уволен из «Нью-Йоркера» за фабрикацию цитат автора песен Боба Дилана (Bob Dylan), но, насколько нам известно, эта цитата полностью принадлежит ему самому.