Обзор ядерных аварий с возникновением СЦР (LA-13638)
Обзор ядерных аварий с возникновением СЦР (LA-13638) читать книгу онлайн
Обсуждаются ядерные аварии с возникновением самоподдерживающейся цепной реакции (СЦР) и характеристики разгона на мгновенных нейтронах на критических сборках. Рассмотрено 60 аварий на различного типа оборудовании и установках. Приводятся детали, позволяющие читателю понять физическую картину, химические процессы во время аварии, а также предоставляется информация об административной обстановке на промежутке времени, предшествующем возникновению аварии, в тех случаях, когда она доступна. Приводится картина изменения мощности во времени, приводятся данные об энерговыделении, последствиях и причинах аварии. Для описания тех аварийных ситуаций, которые возникли на промышленных предприятиях, в настоящую версию были включены два новых раздела. В первом из них содержится анализ и выводы о физических и ядерно-физических свойствах систем, в которых происходила цепная реакция. Во втором обобщаются наблюдения и обсуждаются извлеченные уроки. Обсуждение случаев резкого превышения мощности крупных энергетических реакторов не включено в данный отчет.
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